Accuracy and Feasibility of Using a Smartphone Application for Carbohydrate Counting Versus Traditional Carbohydrate Counting for Adults With Insulin-Treated Diabetes.

Background: Patients with insulin-treated diabetes struggle with performing accurate carbohydrate counting for proper blood glucose control. Little is known about the comparative accuracy and feasibility of carbohydrate counting methods.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether carbohydrate counting using a smartphone application is more accurate and feasible than a traditional method.

Artificial Intelligence with Statistical Confidence Scores for Detection of Acute or Subacute Hemorrhage on Noncontrast CT Head Scans.

Purpose: To present a method that automatically detects, subtypes, and locates acute or subacute intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on noncontrast CT (NCCT) head scans; generates detection confidence scores to identify high-confidence data subsets with higher accuracy; and improves radiology worklist prioritization. Such scores may enable clinicians to better use artificial intelligence (AI) tools.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 46 057 studies from seven "internal" centers for development (training, architecture selection, hyperparameter tuning, and operating-point calibration; = 25 946) and evaluation ( = 2947) and three "external" centers for calibration ( = 400) and evaluation ( = 16764).

Preliminary Evaluation of the FETASS Training for Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study.

While several recent evaluation studies have shown the efficacy of parent training programs for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, manual-based training in German is still scarce. To address this gap, we developed a specific modularized training program for parents of children from preschool to pre-adolescent age with Autism Spectrum Disorder (FETASS). The overarching purpose of the FETASS intervention is to enhance social communication behavior and quality of life of the child by coaching parents.

Outcomes of an interprofessional SBIRT training program: Knowledge attainment and perceived competence for practice.

One way to address substance misuse is to train health professional students in Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT), an early intervention strategy. This study evaluated a semester-long, 50-hour elective SBIRT training that blended online coursework with interprofessional experiences. Medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and social work students completed an interprofessional standardized patient experience and completed a minimum of two interprofessional SBIRT experiences at community agencies.

Adapting the telephone assessment and skill-building kit to the telehealth technology preferences of stroke family caregivers.

Family caregivers exhibit a wide variety of needs and concerns while providing care to stroke survivors after discharge to the home setting. We report the results of two related studies utilizing a multimethod design in which stroke family caregivers (N = 12; N = 10) were interviewed using open-ended questions, followed by written caregiver ratings regarding the types of telehealth technologies they preferred for the telephone assessment and skill-building kit (TASK III). Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis procedures with a provisional "start list" of codes in a matrix template based on the types of telehealth technologies in the rating forms.

Thermic effect of food and resting energy expenditure after sleeve gastrectomy for weight loss in adolescent females.

Background: Few studies have addressed the effect of bariatric surgery on factors related to energy balance, including resting energy expenditure (REE) and thermic effect of food (TEF). To our knowledge, very few studies have examined changes in REE and none have investigated modifications in TEF after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) performed in adolescents.

Objective: To assess energy expenditure in females who underwent SG as adolescents and matched-control participants as preliminary data about the potential of SG to confer differences in postprandial energy expenditure.

Detection and characterization of early plaque formations by Raman probe spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography: an in vivo study on a rabbit model.

Intravascular imaging techniques provide detailed specification about plaque appearance and morphology, but cannot deliver information about the biochemical composition of atherosclerotic plaques. As the biochemical composition is related to the plaque type, important aspects such as the risk of a plaque rupture and treatment are still difficult to assess. Currently, various spectroscopic techniques are tested for potential applications for the chemical analysis of plaque depositions.

Changes in Eating Behaviors of Children with Obesity in Response to Carbohydrate-Modified and Portion-Controlled Diets.

Objective: This study's objective was to determine whether two distinct carbohydrate (CHO)-modified diets and a standard portion-controlled (PC) diet differentially impacted children's eating behaviors and whether eating behavior scores predicted lower BMI among children with obesity.

Methods: Children (n = 102) aged 7-12 years with obesity were randomly assigned to a 12-month intervention of a low-carbohydrate (LC), reduced glycemic load (RGL), or standard PC diet. The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) was completed at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months by parents to characterize their child's hunger (H), disinhibition (D), and cognitive restraint (CR).

Health Status and Lifestyle Habits of US Medical Students: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: Evidence shows that physicians and medical students who engage in healthy lifestyle habits are more likely to counsel patients about such behaviors. Yet medical school is a challenging time that may bring about undesired changes to health and lifestyle habits.

Aims: This study assessed changes in students' health and lifestyle behaviors during medical school.

Evaluation of a Marker Clip System in Sonographically Guided Core Needle Biopsy for Breast Cancer Localization Before and After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

The placement of intramammary marker clips has proven to be helpful for tumor localization in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast-conserving surgery. The purpose of our study was to investigate the feasibility of using a clip marker system for breast cancer localization and its influence on the imaging assessment of treatment responses after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Between March and June 2015, a total of 25 patients (n = 25), with a suspicion of invasive breast cancer with diameters of at least 2 cm (cT2), underwent preoperative sonographically guided core needle biopsy using a single-use breast biopsy system (HistoCore™) and intramammary clip marking using a directly adapted clip system based on the established O-Twist Marker™, before their scheduled preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Semi-automated delineation of breast cancer tumors and subsequent materialization using three-dimensional printing (rapid prototyping).

Objective: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become widely available, and a few cases of its use in clinical practice have been described. The aim of this study was to explore facilities for the semi-automated delineation of breast cancer tumors and to assess the feasibility of 3D printing of breast cancer tumors.

Methods: In a case series of five patients, different 3D imaging methods-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), and 3D ultrasound-were used to capture 3D data for breast cancer tumors.

Performance of Photon-Counting Breast Computed Tomography, Digital Mammography, and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in Evaluating Breast Specimens.

Rationale And Objectives: This study compared a novel photon-counting breast computed tomography (pcBCT) system with digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) systems. For this reason, surgical specimens were examined with all three techniques and rated by three observers.

Materials And Methods: A total of 30 surgical specimens were investigated with DM, DBT, and pcBCT; the associated images were shown to three experienced radiologists.

Mammographic density is the main correlate of tumors detected on ultrasound but not on mammography.

Although mammography screening programs do not include ultrasound examinations, some diagnostic units do provide women with both mammography and ultrasonography. This article is concerned with estimating the risk of a breast cancer patient diagnosed in a hospital-based mammography unit having a tumor that is visible on ultrasound but not on mammography. A total of 1,399 women with invasive breast cancer from a hospital-based diagnostic mammography unit were included in this retrospective study.

Non-linear imaging and characterization of atherosclerotic arterial tissue using combined SHG and FLIM microscopy.

Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death in the Western World and its characterization is extremely interesting from the diagnostic point of view. Here, we employed combined SHG-FLIM microscopy to characterize arterial tissue with atherosclerosis. The shorter mean fluorescence lifetime measured within plaque depositions (1260 ± 80 ps) with respect to normal arterial wall (1480 ± 100 ps) allowed discriminating collagen from lipids.

Comparison of Sonography versus Digital Breast Tomosynthesis to Locate Intramammary Marker Clips.

This study aimed to compare the accuracy of sonography versus digital breast tomosynthesis to locate intramammary marker clips placed under ultrasound guidance. Fifty patients with suspicion of breast cancer (lesion diameter less than 2 cm [cT1]) had ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy with placement of a marker clip in the center of the tumor. Intramammary marker clips were subsequently located with both sonography and digital breast tomosynthesis.

A hybrid method towards automated nipple detection in 3D breast ultrasound images.

In clinical work-up of breast cancer, nipple position is an important marker to locate lesions. Moreover, it serves as an effective landmark to register a 3D automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) images to other imaging modalities, e.g.

Full Field Digital Mammography (FFDM) versus CMOS Technology, Specimen Radiography System (SRS) and Tomosynthesis (DBT) - Which System Can Optimise Surgical Therapy?

This prospective clinical study aimed to evaluate whether it would be possible to reduce the rate of re-excisions using CMOS technology, a specimen radiography system (SRS) or digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) compared to a conventional full field digital mammography (FFDM) system. Between 12/2012 and 2/2013 50 patients were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (BI-RADS™ 5). After histological verification, all patients underwent breast-conserving therapy with intraoperative imaging using 4 different systems and differing magnifications: 1.

Evaluation of Newly Adapted Clip Marker System in Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy for Suspicion of Breast Cancer.

A newly adapted clip system for intramammary marking during ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy for suspicion of breast cancer is described and evaluated here. Fifty patients with suspicion of breast cancer (cT2) had ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy using a newly adapted clip marker system (HistoCore™ and O-Twist Marker™). Subsequently, ultrasound follow-up and tomosynthesis scans were done to determine the location of the marker clips.

[Future of mammography-based imaging].

Mammography is the central diagnostic method for clinical diagnostics of breast cancer and the breast cancer screening program. In the clinical routine complementary methods, such as ultrasound, tomosynthesis and optional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are already combined for the diagnostic procedure. Future developments will utilize investigative procedures either as a hybrid (combination of several different imaging modalities in one instrument) or as a fusion method (the technical fusion of two or more of these methods) to implement fusion imaging into diagnostic algorithms.

Mortality prediction after cardiac surgery: blood lactate is indispensible.

Background: Blood lactate is accepted as a mortality risk marker in intensive care units (ICUs), especially after cardiac surgery. Unfortunately, most of the commonly used ICU risk stratification scoring systems did not include blood lactate as a variable. We hypothesized that blood lactate alone can predict the risk of mortality after cardiac surgery with an accuracy that is comparable to those of other complex models.

Characterization of collagen and cholesterol deposition in atherosclerotic arterial tissue using non-linear microscopy.

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipids within the arterial wall and is commonly diagnosed using standard histology. Non-linear microscopy represents a possible label-free alternative to standard diagnostic methods for imaging various tissue components. Here we employ SHG and CARS microscopy for imaging thin cross-sections of atherosclerotic arterial tissue, demonstrating that both cholesterol deposition in the lumen and collagen in the normal arterial wall can be imaged and discriminated using SHG and CARS microscopy.

Expanding multimodal microscopy by high spectral resolution coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging for clinical disease diagnostics.

Over the past years fast label-free nonlinear imaging modalities providing molecular contrast of endogenous disease markers with subcellular spatial resolution have been emerged. However, applications of these imaging modalities in clinical settings are still at the very beginning. This is because single nonlinear imaging modalities such as second-harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) have only limited value for diagnosing diseases due to the small number of endogenous markers.

Rapid clinical evaluation: an early warning cardiac surgical scoring system for hand-held digital devices.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a new scoring system for the prompt recognition of clinical deterioration and early treatment in postoperative cardiac surgical patients.

Methods: All consecutive adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2010 were included. The new score was calculated daily until intensive care unit (ICU) discharge.

A compact microscope setup for multimodal nonlinear imaging in clinics and its application to disease diagnostics.

The past years have seen increasing interest in nonlinear optical microscopic imaging approaches for the investigation of diseases due to the method's unique capabilities of deep tissue penetration, 3D sectioning and molecular contrast. Its application in clinical routine diagnostics, however, is hampered by large and costly equipment requiring trained staff and regular maintenance, hence it has not yet matured to a reliable tool for application in clinics. In this contribution implementing a novel compact fiber laser system into a tailored designed laser scanning microscope results in a small footprint easy to use multimodal imaging platform enabling simultaneously highly efficient generation and acquisition of second harmonic generation (SHG), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) as well as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signals with optimized CARS contrast for lipid imaging for label-free investigation of tissue samples.