Publications by authors named "Brehin C"
Objective: Most data published on adolescents living with HIV (ALH) have been collected before the large diffusion of second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) among the pediatric population. We analyzed the nationwide ANRS-MIE CO10 Pediatric cohort to assess the changes over time in health and social outcomes of French ALH.
Design: The cohort enrolled children born in France since 1985 and, from 2005, children diagnosed with HIV at ≤13 years, including those born abroad if antiretroviral-naive at first medical care in France.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined outcomes for infants with perinatally-acquired HIV who started early ART in South Africa, Mozambique, and Mali, focusing on mortality, viral suppression, and engagement in care over three years.
- Out of 215 infants monitored, the 1-year death probability was 10%, which rose to 12% by the second and third years, with high baseline viral load identified as a significant risk factor for mortality.
- Of the children, only 42% maintained sustained viral control for a year, with adherence to ART deemed optimal in 81% of visits, although lower adherence was linked to female sex at birth, younger diagnosis age, and adverse maternal social circumstances.
Efficacy of partial tonsillectomy in periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis syndrome: a STROBE retrospective observational study.
Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis
September 2024
Article Synopsis
- PFAPA syndrome is a common cause of recurrent fever in children that affects their quality of life; the study aims to evaluate the impact of partial tonsillectomy compared to total tonsillectomy on symptoms.
- In a study of 36 children, partial tonsillectomy led to a significant reduction of 10 fever episodes per year, with some patients requiring totalization but no major complications reported.
- Although partial tonsillectomy was less effective than total tonsillectomy, it provided a reduction in symptoms with fewer complications, making it a viable option while waiting for remission as children grow older.
Article Synopsis
- RSV is a major cause of bronchiolitis, leading to 3 million hospitalizations each year, and nirsevimab is a monoclonal antibody aimed at preventing severe RSV cases in infants.
- A study compared infants hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis with those visiting for unrelated reasons, assessing nirsevimab’s effectiveness in preventing hospitalizations in those under 12 months old.
- Findings showed nirsevimab reduced hospitalization rates for RSV-associated bronchiolitis by 83% and critical care needs by about 70%, indicating it is an effective treatment option for vulnerable infants.
Background: Bacterial infections (BIs) are widespread in ICUs. The aims of this study were to assess compliance with antibiotic recommendations and factors associated with non-compliance.
Methods: We conducted an observational study in eight French Paediatric and Neonatal ICUs with an antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) organised once a week for the most part.
Article Synopsis
- * A retrospective study at Toulouse University Hospital from 2008 to 2018 found no decrease in NP incidence, with 56% of cases showing bacteria, mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.
- * The study observed changes in bacterial patterns related to the vaccine's introduction, highlighting an increase in S. pyogenes and S. aureus cases, indicating the need for ongoing research and monitoring of these changes.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the effectiveness of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for treating acute uncomplicated appendicitis (AUA) in children, given that non-operative treatment (NOT) has variable success rates.
- - Conducted in a single medical center in Toulouse, France, it involved children aged 5-15 with a first episode of appendicitis and no serious complications, administering antibiotics both intravenously and orally.
- - Initial success was 100%, with an 85.6% success rate maintained after two years, suggesting this antibiotic therapy could be a viable alternative to surgery, pending results from ongoing research.
Most osteoarticular infections (OAI) occur via the hematogenous route, affect children under 5 years of age old, and include osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, osteoarthritis and spondylodiscitis. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are needed to avoid complications. Children with suspected OAI should be hospitalized at the start of therapy.
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- In the EU, cocaine availability has risen, with increased purity, leading to a significant rise in pediatric cocaine toxicity cases, particularly in children under 6.
- A study over 11 years showed an eightfold increase in admissions for cocaine intoxication, with severe clinical symptoms, primarily neurologic and cardiovascular.
- The findings highlight that as cocaine trends worsen, the health risks for children are escalating, marking a critical public health issue.
Background: Each year, new pediatric residents begin their shifts in the pediatric emergency room. While technical skills are often acquired during workshops, non-technical skills such as communication, professionalism, situational awareness, or decision-making are rarely tested. Simulation enables non-technical skills to be developed in situations frequently encountered in pediatric emergencies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report a pediatric case of ecstasy intoxication via an unusual route. A mother called the emergency services after her daughter had inserted an ecstasy pill into her nose. During transportation, the child developed hypertension, tachycardia, and tachypnea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Craniopharyngioma is a rare condition in children, but it is the most frequent tumor that occurs in the hypothalamic pituitary region. Chemical meningitis has been described as an uncommon postoperative complication, but no chemical meningitis due to a spontaneous rupture leading to craniopharyngioma diagnosis in children has been reported.
Case Presentation: This is a case of a 13-year-old boy presenting with fever, vomiting and headache for two days.
According to the precautionary principle and facing the initial uncertainty of the potential seriousness of Covid-19, France has adopted collective measures understood as acceptable despite the deprivation of liberty and the known risks of long confinement on mental health. Such measures should be applied proportionately and cause the least possible harm. Among these, the closure of schools was decided by declination of those appearing in response plans to viral pandemics where children play a major role in the transmission of the disease (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Diagnosis of a pediatric inflammatory multisystemic syndrome associated with COVID-19].
J Pediatr Pueric
February 2023
Article Synopsis
- The article discusses Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystemic Syndrome (PIMS), also known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), which emerged due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
- PIMS is a serious condition that requires early detection and emergency management, particularly in children showing high fever, a decline in overall health, and digestive symptoms.
- It shares some symptoms with Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome, and the understanding of PIMS may evolve as more data becomes available during the ongoing pandemic.
Aim: To investigate the prevalence of infections by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses among children admitted to paediatric emergency departments (PEDs).
Methods: From April to July 2020, a prospective, multicentre cohort study was conducted in the PEDs of eight French university hospitals. Regardless of the reason for admission, a nasopharyngeal swab sample from each child was screened using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.
Unlabelled: The first containment of the Sars-Cov2 pandemic had the potential to generate posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in children.
Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of PTS symptoms within 6 weeks of the end of lockdown, in children contained between March 17, 2020 and May 11, 2020 in France.
Material And Methods: This was a French prospective cross-sectional study between May 15 and July 2, 2020 conducted via telephone survey.
Background: Today, one in eight migrants and one in two refugees are children. Since this population has been less studied than the adult population, there is little data available on the state of health of this pediatric migrant population and the reasons they seek care.
Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the sociodemographic and medical characteristics of a pediatric migrant population visiting an emergency department in order to better understand their specific needs.
Background: The neurological effects of Lyme borreliosis in children are varied and their clinical progression is not widely reported in the French literature. We carried out a retrospective study to describe the clinical characteristics of Lyme neuroborreliosis in children in southwest France and their clinical progression at 6 months.
Methods: This study was carried out at Toulouse University Hospital during the period 2006-2017 using patient records.
Article Synopsis
- Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) is a major cause of infant mortality, and thorough toxicology studies are recommended in investigations.
- A study of the French national SUID registry analyzed 624 cases, revealing that 9% of infants tested positive for toxic substances, primarily from expected and unexpected sources like opioids and cannabis.
- Infants with unexpected toxins displayed distinct risk factors, such as unsafe sleeping positions, younger maternal age, and higher rates of maternal drug abuse, highlighting the importance of routine toxicology testing in these cases.
Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition in preterm infants due to multiple factors, including gut microbiota dysbiosis. NEC development is poorly understood, due to the focus on severe NEC (NEC-2/3).
Methods: We studied the gut microbiota, microbiome and metabolome of children with suspected NEC (NEC-1).