Peptide YY inhibits vasopressin-stimulated chloride secretion in inner medullary collecting duct cells.

mIMCD-k2 cells are derived from the inner medullary collecting duct of a mouse and exhibit electrogenic sodium absorption and cAMP- and vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated electrogenic chloride secretion [N. L. Kizer, B.

Adsorption of Polycations on Clays: A Comparative in situ Study Using 133Cs and 23Na Solution Phase NMR.

23Na solution phase NMR has been evaluated as an in situ probe to study the adsorption of tetramethylammonium (TMA+) and two polycations, FL17 ([(Me2NCH2CHOHCH2)n]n+Cln) and Magnafloc 1697, ([(CH2CHCH2N(Me)2CH2&Cmacr;HCH2)n]n+Cln), onto clays in aqueous suspensions containing 2.5 mass% low iron Texas bentonite. The NMR data shows the effectiveness of the organocations at displacing Na+ from the bentonite surface.

Hospital admission following ambulatory surgery.

Background: Ambulatory surgery continues to grow in quantity and complexity of procedures. Effective measures of "quality" are not readily apparent. "Unplanned admission rate" may well reflect the quality of care in this area.

Relation between the incidence of invasive cervical cancer and the screening interval: is a five year interval too long?

Objective: To examine the incidence of invasive cervical cancer per 100,000 women years at risk and relative risk according to screening history among eligible women aged 25-69 in Southampton and South West Hampshire during the three years after completion of the first round of comprehensive screening.

Results: There was a significantly higher incidence of invasive cervical cancer in women who had not been screened during the preceding 0.5-5.

Invasive cervical cancer in Southampton and South West Hampshire: effect of introducing a comprehensive screening programme.

A study of invasive cervical cancer in Southampton and South West Hampshire is reported, covering three consecutive three year periods during which the screening coverage increased from an estimated 60% to a recorded 87% of eligible women aged 20-64. From the first to the third periods of the study in that age group registrations of fully invasive squamous cell carcinoma (stage lb and above) fell from 64 to 30 (53%), which was largely counteracted by an increase in microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma (linear trend: P<0.0001).

Electrodiagnostic testing and carpal tunnel release outcome.

This study examined the correlation of electrodiagnostic test results and symptom outcome after carpal tunnel release. After meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and failing conservative management, 167 patients (227 hands) underwent an open carpal tunnel release. Of 99 hands with a positive electromyographic/nerve conduction velocity study, 93 (93%) had resolved or improved symptoms.

A peer-mediated social network intervention to enhance the social integration of persons with moderate and severe disabilities.

Increasingly, parents, teachers, and students with disabilities are advocating for interventions that go beyond skill training to provide support for participation in integrated environments and support for friendships. The present research demonstrated a social network intervention for youths with moderate and severe disabilities. Two groups of nondisabled peers were recruited to participate in weekly discussions with an adult integration facilitator to increase opportunities for social interaction for 2 students (1 with autism and 1 who was moderately mentally retarded).

Neonatal macular hemorrhage.

Retinal hemorrhages occur with increased frequency in neonates following prolonged or difficult labor, especially if associated with primipara, surgical or mechanical intervention, low Apgar scores, perinatal hypoxia, low birth weight or coagulopathy. When involvement occurs peripheral to the arcades resolution occurs generally without sequelae. Hemorrhages involving the macula are much more serious since resolution in these cases may result in degenerative changes or an exudative or glial scar, resulting in amblyopia and possible strabismus.

Effects of contextual competence on social initiations.

The frequency of social initiations and satisfaction with interactions in three dyads, each consisting of 1 student with disabilities and 1 nondisabled peer, were assessed under two alternating conditions: Condition 1 assessed the interactions around a set of four trained computer games, and Condition 2 assessed interactions when students were playing a set of four untrained computer games. Training was conducted with a multiple baseline design across participants and was followed by social interaction probes using an alternating treatments design. The results indicated greater frequencies of social initiation by 5 of 6 participants, higher degrees of game satisfaction by all participants, and equal or higher degrees of peer satisfaction by 5 of 6 participants when playing trained games in comparison to untrained games.

Scanning electron microscopy of corneal incisions using steel, diamond, and sapphire blades.

In order to compare the wound morphology they produce, we used steel (Myocure), diamond (CILCO DK 121), and sapphire (Katena K2-6500) blades, to make parallel linear incisions, 500 microns deep, in 12 fresh enucleated porcine eyes. There was no discernible difference among the blades in terms of either the morphology of the collagen lamellae of the sides or the depth of the incisions produced. The major differences in the cuts produced were attributable primarily to the differences in the footplates.

Lamb ductus venosus: evidence of a cytochrome P-450 mechanism in its contractile tension.

We have recently shown that a cytochrome P-450-based mechanism is important for the generation of contractile tension by the ductus arteriosus and have now examined whether the same mechanism operates in the ductus venosus. Carbon monoxide (CO/O2 ratio, 0.27) and cytochrome P-450 inhibitors [metyrapone; 4-phenylimidazole; 14-isocyano, 15-(methoxymethyleneoxy)-5Z,8Z,11Z- eicosatrienoic acid; alpha-naphthoflavone] were tested in vitro on the ductus venosus sphincter from mature fetal lambs.

Ductus arteriosus: involvement of a sarcolemmal cytochrome P-450 in O2 constriction?

Our previous studies implicate a cytochrome P-450-based mechanism in the constrictor response of the ductus arteriosus to oxygen. The present experiments were conducted on saponin-skinned strips of ductal muscle from mature fetal lambs to determine the location, sarcolemmal versus intracellular, of this cytochrome and to obtain a better insight into the sequence of events underlying the action of oxygen. Skinned preparations contracted to free Ca2+ over the range between 0.

Stimulus class formation and concept learning: establishment of within- and between-set generalization and transitive relationships via conditional discrimination procedures.

Three students with moderate mental retardation were taught a complex stimulus class with a two-choice conditional discrimination procedure applied across eight 10-member stimulus sets. Each set was composed of five age-appropriate and five age-inappropriate examples of clothing, accessories, and leisure items (e.g.

Further evidence implicating a cytochrome P-450-mediated reaction in the contractile tension of the lamb ductus arteriosus.

The authors have recently provided evidence implicating the cytochrome P-450 system in the generation of contractile tension of the ductus arteriosus. To confirm this possibility, carbon monoxide (CO/O2 ratio, 0.27) and cytochrome P-450 inhibitors [4-phenylimidazole; 14-isocyano,15-(methoxymethyleneoxy)-5Z,8Z,11 Z-eicosatrienoic acid; 9-hydroxyellipticine; alpha-naphthoflavone] were tested on the isolated ductus arteriosus from mature fetal lambs equilibrated at low (4-26 mm Hg) or high (229-694 mm Hg) O2 partial pressure (PO2).

Use of differential reinforcement of other behavior during dyadic instruction to reduce stereotyped behavior of autistic students.

Effects of a differential reinforcement of other behavior procedure (DRO) on the stereotypic responses and task performance of 3 autistic students during dyadic instruction were examined. The procedures effectively reduced the stereotypic behavior of 2 children and substantially increased the task performance of the 2 lowest performing students. The procedure was unique because the time interval employed between potential opportunities for reinforcement for the absence of stereotypy was the natural length of one instructional trial delivered to a peer.

Teaching social language to moderately handicapped students.

Three students with moderate handicaps were taught to initiate and expand on conversational topics. The teaching procedure used stimuli generated from actual conversations with nonhandicapped peers. Generalization was assessed by audiotaping conversations between the handicapped students and their peers in natural school contexts without adult supervision.

The training and generalization of social interaction skills with autistic youth.

Two experiments were conducted to increase the initiations and duration of social interactions between autistic and nonhandicapped youths. Experiment 1 taught two autistic youths to initiate and elaborate social interactions with three age-appropriate and commonly used leisure objects; a radio, a video game, and gum. The students were first taught to use the objects and subsequently instructed in the related social skills.

Octopamine--a neurohormone with presynaptic activity-dependent effects at crayfish neuromuscular junctions.

Octopamine, the phenol analogue of noradrenaline, is a neurosecretory product found in many vertebrate and invertebrate species. In the American lobster, octopamine produces an increase in muscular tension during activation of the motor nerve and may induce spontaneous contractions at concentrations of 10(-7) M (refs 1,2). In the lobster, postsynaptic mechanisms, including a change in Ca2+ conductance of the muscle membrane, are thought to be responsible for potentiation of contraction.

Effects of epiphyton onPotamogeton crispus L. leaves.

Potamogeton crispus L. grows as a winter producing annual in the shallow lakes of the Pongolo Floodplain, South Africa. Colonization of leaves by algal and bacterial epiphytes, as seen by scanning electron microscopy, followed the established pattern of increasing diversity and density with leaf age.

A comparative study of some commercially available tests for rheumatoid factor.

Seven commercially available screening tests for rheumatoid factor and two quantitative tests have been compared with the standard Rose-Waaler test in a series of 477 sera from patients with various joint diseases. Markedly different results were obtained, and on the basis of our findings suggestions are made as to what we consider to be the most satisfactory currently available tests.