The natural history of trilinear myelodysplastic syndrome and erythroleukemia.

A case of Di Guglielmo's syndrome passed through the three stages of chronic erythromyelosis, erythroleukemia and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). According to the FAB classification the subsequent stages of this syndrome were refractory anemia (RA), RA with excess of blasts (RAEB), AML-M6, AML-M2 and undifferentiated AML-MO as the end-stage disease. Light- and electronmicroscopice findings on peripheral blood and bone marrow slides showed a pronounced trilineage myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) during the RA, RAEB, AML-M6 and M2 phases of the disease, i.

Depletion of mitochondrial DNA in the liver of a patient with lactic acidemia and hypoketotic hypoglycemia.

An infant with feeding difficulties, hypotonia, lactic acidemia, and severe hypoketotic hypoglycemia died at the age of 7 months of liver disease. Electron microscopy revealed abnormal mitochondria. Biochemical studies of mitochondrial enzymes in liver showed a decreased activity of complexes I, III, and IV.

Characterization of a New Human B Cell Line (Bonna-12) with Trisomy 9 and Trisomy 12 Chromosomal Abnormality.

A new EBV positive human B-cell line, BONNA-12 was established from splenic cells of a patient with a hairy cell leukemia (HCL). BONNA-12 cells grew spontaneously and formed colonies in semisolid media. Although the BONNA-12 cell line was identical with the patient's spleen cells by HLA analysis and Southern blot examination of minisatellite DNA patterns, the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain rearrangement patterns differed from the original HCL.

Electron microscopy: a contribution to further classification of acute unclassifiable childhood leukemia.

The ultrastructural, light microscopical and immunological features of twelve cases of acute childhood leukemia are described. Nine cases were unclassifiable by light microscopy, morphology and cytochemistry, and three were difficult to classify because of a low percentage of Sudan-Black B positive blasts. By means of electron microscopy (including peroxidase cytochemistry), two main groups were seen: 1.

Richter's syndrome with identical immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the supervening non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

In a patient who developed Richter's syndrome, complex cytogenetic abnormalities of the centroblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was associated with chemotherapy resistance. The clonal origin of the preexisting chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and the subsequent NHL cells was investigated. Both cell populations were present in the peripheral blood and could be separated efficiently by counterflow centrifugal elutriation.

Circulating buttock cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Leukemic B cells with a characteristically sharp nuclear cleft seemingly dividing the nucleus into two or more parts have been entitled "buttock cells" and are subject of this study. These cells were found in leukemic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and usually have been related to follicular center cell lymphomas. However, buttock cells also closely resemble cells present in intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma (ILL) and mantle zone cells of reactive lymphoid tissues.

Philadelphia chromosome-positive thrombocythemia and megakaryoblast leukemia.

A case of well-documented and -illustrated megakaryoblastic transformation is described in a patient with thrombocythemia passing through a stage of myelofibrosis without features of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Immunocytologic studies with the use of conventional and monoclonal antibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins and electron microscopic investigations, demonstrating bull's-eye granules and platelet peroxidase positivity, proved the megakaryocytic differentiation of the blast cells. From the onset of the disease as well as during the megakaryoblastic transformation, the Philadelphia (Ph1) karyotype, 46XX t(9:22) (q34:q11), was found in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells as the only clonal abnormality.

Intracellular immunoglobulin G 'pseudocrystals' in a patient with chronic B-cell leukemia.

A patient with chronic B-cell leukemia in whom the malignant lymphocytes showed intracellular inclusions of immunoglobulin (Ig) G kappa molecules is described. Electron microscopy revealed filamentous material in the nuclear envelopes and in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. These in vivo surface Ig-negative, nonexcreting cells could be stimulated in vitro to excrete immunoglobulin-free light chain molecules into the supernatant, which were not found in the cytoplasm after stimulation.

The endocytosis of asbestos by mouse peritoneal macrophages and its long-term effect on iron accumulation and labyrinth formation.

The effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of crocidolite asbestos fibres on the peritoneal cell population were studied. Attention was paid to the changes in the proportions taken by the various types of cell in this population after peritoneal stimulation as well as the handling of asbestos fibres by the peritoneal cells and the formation of asbestos bodies. Intraperitoneal administration of crocidolite led to an influx of inflammatory cells into the peritoneal cavity.

Pt-staining of peroxidatic reaction products at the ultrastructural level.

The use of H2PtCl6 is proposed for the selective visualization of the poly-DAB reaction product created, in aldehyde-fixed tissue, with the cytochemical reaction according to Graham and Karnovsky (1966) or to Hoefsmit (1975). At sites known to contain peroxidatic activity, at the ultrastructural level, an electron-dense reaction product is acquired in otherwise unstained ultrathin sections. The presence of the element platinum in these sites has been demonstrated by X-ray microanalysis, for both the endogenous peroxidase and peroxidase conjugated to antibodies.

Ultrastructural localization of peroxidase activity in developing neutrophil granulocytes from human bone marrow.

Developing neutrophil granulocytes of normal human bone marrow were investigated with the diaminobenzidine technique to determine the ultrastructural localization of peroxidase activity. Neutrophil granulocytes have three types of granule: nucleated, azurophil, and specific granules. These granules are produced consecutively during the eomyelocyte stage, the promyelocyte stage, and the myelocyte stage, respectively.

Trilineage acute leukaemia in combined Ph1-chromosome positivity and monosomy 7.

A case of acute leukaemia with Ph1-chromosome and monosomy 7 is reported, in which the peripheral blood contained three types of blast cell as distinguished by light and electron microscopy and immunological phenotyping. The first blast-cell type originated from the granulocytic lineage; the cells contained peroxidase-positive granules, and had an HLA-DR+Tdt-CALLA-phenotype. The second blast-cell type was more difficult to define, but had many characteristics of the monocytic series.

Macrophage-like cell lines: endogenous peroxidatic activity, cell surface antigens, and colony-stimulating factor production.

The murine macrophage-like cells NCTC 1469, J774A, WEHI-3, IC21, and P388D1, were compared with respect to their peroxidatic activity, display of cell surface antigens, and production of colony-stimulating factor. Peroxidatic activity was demonstrated in the nuclear envelope and in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of NCTC 1469 cells, J774A cells, and P388D1 cells, and in granules of WEHI-3 cells and IC21 cells. Colony-stimulating factor was produced only by WEHI-3 cells.

Development of the granule population in heterophil granulocytes from rat bone marrow.

The development of the heterophil granulocyte in the bone marrow of the rat is described, and an electron-microscopical analysis of the changes in the cytoplasm as well as in the granule population in several stages of maturation is reported. Three types of granule originate in consecutive stages of heterophil maturation. Granules with an internal fine structure (nucleated granules) are the first to be formed, i.

A comparative study of primary and secondary granules in monocytopoiesis and myelopoiesis of mouse bone marrow.

The differentiation and maturation of monocytes and neutrophil granulocytes were studied in bone marrow of normal mice by electron microscopy and cytochemical assessment of peroxidatic activity. The granule populations of the mature cells of bone marrow were identified and investigated to obtain a basis for the analysis of the earlier stages of maturation. Mature monocytes and neutrophils showed primary and secondary granules, and mature neutrophils had more of both kinds.

Development of the granule population in neutrophil granulocytes from human bone marrow.

Bone marrow from hematologically healthy adults was exposed to a number of fixation procedures for investigation of the heterogeneity of the granule population in neutrophil granulocytes at the ultrastructural level. Four main cell stages were distinguished: early promyelocyte, late promyelocyte, myelocyte, and mature neutrophil granulocyte and described separately; metamyelocytes and band-form or stab cells are described together. The characteristic changes in the cytoplasm during myelopoiesis were analysed quantitatively.

Megakaryoblastic leukaemia (acute myelofibrosis): a report of three cases.

Three patients with megakaryoblastic leukaemia are described. All three presented with pancytopenia, a few blast cells in the peripheral blood and absence of overt hepatosplenomegaly. In two of them bone marrow aspiration yielded a dry tap.

The ultrastructure of guinea pig heterophil granulocytes and the heterogeneity of the granules.

The development of the heterophil granulocytes in the bone marrow of the guinea pig is described. During the maturation of these cells, three types of granule are formed, not only the azurophil and specific granules already described in other mammals but also a third type of granule referred to here as the nucleated granule. During the process of maturation of the cells, these three types of granule are formed successively.

A new type of primary granule in guinea pig heterophil granulocytes.

Guinea pig heterophil granulocytes were found to have three types of granules which are formed sequentially during the development of the cells in the bone marrow and differ in shape and electron density: nucleated, azurophil and specific granules. Early promyelocytes proved to synthesize nucleated granules of medium electron density prior to the formation of azurophil granules which are highly electron dense, by late promyelocytes. Since the formation of nucleated granules and azurophil granules is restricted to promyelocytes, both can be considered to be primary granules.

The morphology of dyserythropoiesis in a patient with acute erythroleukaemia associated with multiple myeloma.

A patient with multiple myeloma in whom acute erythroleukaemia developed 5 years following treatment with irradiation and melphalan is reported. Immunoglobulin synthesis and immunofluorescence investigations provided evidence that the blast cells in the peripheral blood did not belong to the plasma cell series; ultrastructure examination demonstrated their myeloid origin. Chromosomally abnormal cells were observed in both the bone marrow and peripheral blood.

A new method for the cytochemical demonstration of peroxidase for light, fluorescence and electron microscopy.

A new technique for the cytochemical demonstration of peroxidase is presented. Monomeric homovanillic acid is converted by H2O2 and peroxidase into its dimeric form, which is then precipitated as a complex salt of lead and rhodamine 6G or rhodamine B. The reaction product can be visualized by conversion to lead sulphide or viewed directly under the fluorescence microscope, since it emits a red fluorescence when excited with green light.