Mitigation of Mycotoxin Content by a Single-Screw Extruder in Triticale ( Wittmack).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extrusion processing parameters-moisture content ( = 20 and 24%), feeding rate ( = 20 and 25 kg/h), and screw speed ( = 300, 390 and 480 RPM), on the content of deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-Acetyl Deoxynivalenol (15-AcDON), 3-Acetyl Deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), HT-2 Toxin (HT-2), tentoxin (TEN) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), using a pilot single-screw extruder in whole-grain triticale flour. The temperature at the end plate of the extruder ranged between 97.6 and 141 °C, the absolute pressure was from 0.

The Presence of Some Minor and Unregulated Mycotoxins in Main Cereals Cultivated in Albania.

(1) Background: Food and feed safety legislation does not concern all the mycotoxins generated by and spp. Certain mycotoxins, including mycophenolic acid (MPA), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), penicillic acid (PA), roquefortine C (ROQ C), and gliotoxin (GLI), are regarded as having lower toxicity levels, and hence are not included in food and feed legislation. It is obvious that xenobiotics, including mycotoxins, exert synergistic harmful health effects on human and animal when exposed through food and feed.

Reduction of Toxins via the Extrusion Processing of Whole-Grain Red Sorghum Flour.

This study delved into the impact of two extrusion processing parameters-screw speed ( at 400, 600, 800 RPM) and material moisture content in the extruder barrel ( at 12, 15, 18%) at constant feed rate (50 kg/h)-on reducing the content of alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA), and tentoxin (TEN) in whole-grain red sorghum flour. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed for the determination of toxin levels. The extruder die temperature fluctuated between 136 and 177 °C, with die pressures ranging from 0.

Incidence of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Wheat and Corn from Albania.

In this study, aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) were analyzed in grains, specifically wheat and corn, from Albania. To summarize, 71 wheat and 45 corn samples from different growing areas were collected. The multi-toxin analytical procedure involved sample extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

The Influence of Mycotoxins on the Liver of Gilts and Their Suckling Piglets.

Mycotoxins are common fungal secondary metabolites in both animal feed and human food, representing widespread toxic contaminants that cause various adverse effects. Co-contamination with different mycotoxins is frequent; therefore, this study focused on feed contaminated with mycotoxins, namely, deoxynivalenol (5.08 mg/kg), zearalenone (0.

Macro- and microelements in serum and seminal plasma as biomarkers for bull sperm cryotolerance.

Background: Wide variation in fertility rates is observed when using frozen bull semen, even when the bulls have met quality standards for semen production. Therefore, a simple and reliable test to assess the freezing potential of bull semen based on the analysis of fresh semen or blood would be of great value. Attention is now turning to assessment of seminal plasma components such as proteins and elements.

Insect Protein-Based Diet as Potential Risk of Allergy in Dogs.

Before insects can be used widely as an alternative source of dietary protein, their allerginicity should be investigated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the potential adverse reactions of the immune system of dogs against proteins. Dogs sensitised to storage mites and were included.

Occurrence of and Other Toxins in Cereal Grains Intended for Animal Feeding Collected in Slovenia: A Three-Year Study.

In recent years, the less-studied mycotoxins have attracted increasing interest due to the lack of survey data and their ability to cause toxic effects in animals and humans. To fill the gap, the aim of this three-year survey was to investigate the presence and co-occurrence of and other mycotoxins in a total of 433 cereal grain samples from Slovenian farms and agricultural cooperatives from 2014 to 2016. Using the multi-mycotoxin method, 14 mycotoxins were determined.

Entomological Surveillance and Cantharidin Concentrations in and Blister Beetles in Slovenia.

True blister beetles (genus , family Meloidae) produce cantharidin, which can cause toxicosis in humans and animals. Some recent reports suggest that poisoning by the blister beetle has occurred in the Mediterranean part of Slovenia, which has never been reported before. Drought and modern harvesting techniques are thought to increase the likelihood of blister beetle forage contamination and cantharidin intoxication in animals.

Incidence of Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize from Albania.

In this study, ten toxins were analysed in wheat and maize commodities from Albania. In total, 71 samples of wheat and 45 samples of maize were collected from different producing regions. The analytical procedure consisted of a simple one-step sample extraction followed by the determination of toxins using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

Ergot and Ergot Alkaloids in Cereal Grains Intended for Animal Feeding Collected in Slovenia: Occurrence, Pattern and Correlations.

This four-year study reports the occurrence of ergot alkaloids (EAs) in cereals intended for animal feeding collected in Slovenia. A total of 517 samples of cereals were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the presence of EAs. The sample set included wheat, rye, triticale, oat, spelt and barley.

The effects of feed naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on the thymus in suckling piglets.

In this study, feed naturally containing Fusarium mycotoxins was fed to gilts during the perinatal period, and the effects on the thymus were investigated in one-week-old piglets. Twenty gilts were divided into equal control (0.26 mg deoxynivalenol, DON) and experimental (5.

Lactational exposure to dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 169 and nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 155: Effects on rat femur growth, biomechanics and mineral composition.

Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are persistent lipophilic environmental pollutants, has a variety of adverse effects on wildlife and human health, including bone mineralization, growth and mechanical strength. The present study evaluated the effects of lactational exposure to nondioxin-like PCB-155 and dioxin-like PCB-169, individually and in combination, on pubertal rat femur development and its biomechanics. After offspring delivery, Wistar rat mothers were divided into four groups, i.

Links Between Genetic Groups, Host Specificity, and Ergot-Alkaloid Profiles within Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. on Slovenian Grasses.

In the present study, the genetic relationships and ergot-alkaloid production of the fungus Claviceps purpurea on grasses were investigated, to determine any associations between grass host specificity, ergot-alkaloid production, and geographic origin. C. purpurea sclerotia were obtained from wild and cultivated grasses along a 300-km climatic gradient, from sub-Mediterranean to continental climates.

Occurrence of ergot alkaloids in wheat from Albania.

The occurrence of ergot alkaloids in wheat harvested in Albania was investigated. A total of 71 samples of winter wheat collected in 2014 and 2015 were analysed for the 12 most important ergot alkaloids using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In the harvesting year 2014, 48.

The influence of macro- and microelements in seminal plasma on diluted boar sperm quality.

Background: Growing evidence indicates that macro- and microelements in the seminal plasma of humans and various domestic animals are of great importance due to their roles in sperm metabolism, function, survival and oxidative stress. In the present study, we therefore determined the concentrations of macro- and microelements in fresh boar seminal plasma and their relation to sperm quality parameters after 3 days of liquid storage was assessed. Twenty ejaculates from eight boars were collected, and semen volume, concentration, sperm motility, morphology, tail membrane integrity, plasma membrane permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation were determined on the day of collection (day 0) and day 3 (72 h) of storage at 15-17 °C.

Beauvericin Inhibits Neuromuscular Transmission and Skeletal Muscle Contractility in Mouse Hemidiaphragm Preparation.

The effects of Beauvericin (BEA) produced by the fungusBeauveria bassianaandFusariumsp. on neuromuscular transmission and contractility were determined in an isolated neuromuscular mouse hemidiaphragm preparation. BEA (5 µM) significantly inhibits indirectly elicited twitch amplitude.