Current Status of Three-Dimensional Laparoscopy in Urology: An ESUT Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis.

Objectives: Literature regarding experience with three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy in urology has remained scanty, and this might be also related to the parallel explosion of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. The study aim was to compare 3D vs two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopic approaches for urological procedures in perioperative outcomes in a subgroups analysis of studies reporting procedures requiring intracorporeal suturing.

Materials And Methods: We searched EMBASE and Medline from database inception to September 22, 2017 for studies comparing patients undergoing 2D vs 3D laparoscopic approach for urological procedures.

Robot-assisted Kidney Transplantation with Regional Hypothermia Using Grafts with Multiple Vessels After Extracorporeal Vascular Reconstruction: Results from the European Association of Urology Robotic Urology Section Working Group.

Background: Kidney transplantation using grafts with multiple vessels (GMVs) is technically demanding and may be associated with increased risk of complications or suboptimal graft function. To date, no studies have reported on robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) using GMVs.

Objective: To report our experience with RAKT using GMVs from living donors, focusing on technical feasibility and early postoperative outcomes.

European Association of Urology Guidelines on Renal Transplantation: Update 2018.

Context: The European Association of Urology (EAU) panel on renal transplantation (RT) has released an updated version of the RT guidelines.

Objective: To present the 2018 EAU guidelines on RT.

Evidence Acquisition: A broad and comprehensive scoping exercise was performed, encompassing all areas of RT guidelines published between January 1, 2007, and May 31, 2016.

Management of Localised Prostate Cancer in Kidney Transplant Patients: A Systematic Review from the EAU Guidelines on Renal Transplantation Panel.

Context: Cancer development after kidney transplant (KT) has become a major problem, and currently, it is one of the primary causes of death in this population. Urological cancers after KT such as prostate cancer (PCa) have also increased, partly due to the increasing age of recipients and prolonged survival. PCa is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, accounting for 15% of all cancers.

The style of scientific communication.

Context: Writing skills and the importance of drafting quality are often disregarded. Just as there are guidelines on what each part of a scientific article should comprise (introduction, material and methods, results and conclusion), there are 'norms' as to how to draft the article. Novel results can only be appropriately reflected in a formal and structurally correct text.

How to write an original article.

Context: A correctly drafted original article gives information on what was done, why it was done, how it was done, the result of what was done, and the significance of what was done. Many articles fail to report their results effectively.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of an original article and to give practical recommendations to prevent the most common errors in our environment.

[BCG and bladder cancer: Past, present and future.].

BCG has been used in the treatment of NMIBC for more than 40 years. Nevertheless, its exact working mechanisms have not been completely discovered. Clinical and basic research done over all these years has generated much information but it could be summarized in a few simple statements.

European experience of robot-assisted kidney transplantation: minimum of 1-year follow-up.

Objectives: To evaluate functional results, graft survival and late complications in patients who underwent robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) and who had a minimum of 1 year of follow-up data, and to analyse the correlations between surgical data and functional results at a minimum of 1-year postoperatively and between renal function in the immediate postoperative period and after 1 year.

Materials And Methods: A common prospectively collected RAKT database was created by the European Robotic Urological Section (ERUS) RAKT working group, which included eight different European centres. In each centre RAKTs were performed with kidneys from living donors.

[Surgical treatment of local disease in metastatic prostate cancer.].

Objectives: Metastatic prostate cancer is a very heterogeneous disease with several treatment options. In some cases of oligometastatic disease, local treatment of the primary tumor complemented by metastasis directed therapy seems to improve oncological results. The objectives of this study are to define and understand oligometastatic prostate cancer, to show the usefulness and rationale of cytoreductive surgery in this scenario and to review all published studies about radical prostatectomy in patients with initially metastatic prostate cancer.

Non-conservative management of simple renal cysts in adults: a comprehensive review of literature.

Introduction: Renal cysts are common findings in nearly 10% of general population. According to Bosniak classification, they are classified into simple and complex renal cysts based on their CT characteristics. The majority of simple renal cysts are asymptomatic and require no intervention.

Endovascular Management of Ureteroarterial Fistula: Single Institution Experience and Systematic Literature Review.

Background: Ureteroarterial fistula (UAF) represents an uncommon complication after urological surgery; however, this is a well-documented condition in patients with predisposing risk factors. The aim of the present study is to report and analyze the endovascular management of a series of patients with UAF, treated in authors' hospital, and to report and analyze the same data concerning patients retrieved from a systematic literature review.

Methods: Authors conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data and a systematic literature review.

Effectiveness and Harms of Using Kidneys with Small Renal Tumors from Deceased or Living Donors as a Source of Renal Transplantation: A Systematic Review.

Context: Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. Incidence of small renal masses (SRMs), which most frequently are renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), is highest in patients aged >60 yr. The increasing age of donors can lead to the diagnosis of a higher number of SRMs when assessing the patient for transplantation, and so can theoretically decrease the number of kidneys suitable for transplantation.

Diagnosis and kidney-sparing treatments for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: state of the art.

Introduction: Conservative management of upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) is becoming increasingly popular: the key to success is correct selection of patients with low-risk UTUC based on size (≤2 cm), focality (single lesion), stage (< T2), and grade (low grade). Despite the recent growing interest in the conservative approach to UTUC, the diagnostic process is still a challenge, and kidney-sparing surgery (KSS) is traditionally reserved for patients with contraindications to radical nephroureterectomy. In order to explore the "state of the art" in the diagnosis and conservative treatment of UTUC, a systematic review of the literature was performed.

The evaluation of radiologic methods for access guidance in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review of the literature.

Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the treatment of choice for larger and complex renal calculi. First step in performing PNL is to obtain access to the renal cavity using either fluoroscopy or ultrasound (US) guidance or a combination of both. Which guiding method to choose is controversial? A systematic review of the literature was performed comparing image guidance modalities for obtaining access in PNL.

Treatment options and predictive factors for recurrence and cancer-specific mortality in bladder cancer after renal transplantation: A multi-institutional analysis.

Objectives: Bladder cancer (BC) in the transplanted population can represent a challenge owing to the immunosuppressed state of patients and the higher rate of comorbidities. The objective was to analyze the treatment of BC after renal transplant (RT), focusing on the mode of presentation, diagnosis, treatment options and predictive factors for recurrence.

Material And Methods: We conducted an observational prospective study with a retrospective analysis of 88 patients with BC after RT at 10 European centers.

Live surgery: highly educational or harmful?

Purpose: Live surgery (LS) is considered a useful teaching opportunity. The benefits must be balanced with patient safety concerns. To evaluate the rate of complications of a series of urologic LS performed by experts during the Congress Challenge in Laparoscopy and Robotics (CILR).

Robot-assisted Kidney Transplantation: The European Experience.

Background: Robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) has recently been introduced to reduce the morbidity of open kidney transplantation (KT).

Objective: To evaluate perioperative and early postoperative RAKT outcomes.

Design, Setting And Participants: This was a multicenter prospective observational study of 120 patients who underwent RAKT, predominantly with a living donor kidney, in eight European institutions between July 2015 and May 2017, with minimum follow-up of 1 mo.

The Risk of Tumour Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Renal Transplantation for End-stage Renal Disease after Previous Treatment for a Urological Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Context: Renal transplantation is the gold standard renal replacement therapy in end-stage renal disease owing to its superior survival and quality of life compared with dialysis. When the potential recipient has a history of cancer, the waiting period before renal transplantation is usually based on the Cincinnati Registry.

Objective: To systematically review all available evidence on the risk of cancer recurrence in end-stage renal disease patients with a history of urological cancer.

Correlation Between Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (Cellvizio) and Histological Grading of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Step Forward for a Better Selection of Patients Suitable for Conservative Management.

Background: Despite the recent growing interest in the conservative management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), the diagnostic process is still a challenge for the risk of tumor undergrading. Real-time confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) provides in vivo microscopic images of tissues using a low-energy laser light source.

Objective: To describe our initial experience with CLE for the real-time characterization of UTUC.

Cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of targeted therapy: a bibliographic review.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), against a background of lack of evidence following the introduction of targeted therapy.

Methods: A literature review was performed in January 2017 using the MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE databases. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for conduct of the study.