Povidone-iodine in vitro antiseptic efficacy as a function of exposure duration, concentration, preparation, and length of storage.

Purpose: Although 5% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is frequently used as an ocular antiseptic agent, there is a lack of consensus regarding the effects of PVP-I concentration, storage after opening, and compounded preparation on PVP-I antisepsis. We performed a series of in-vitro experiments to determine the impact of these factors on PVP-I's inhibition of common causes of post-procedural eye infection.

Methods: Inhibition of microorganism growth was measured in-vitro as a function of active PVP-I exposure time.

Multimodal Imaging of a novel MFSD8/CLN7 mutation associated with non-syndromic symmetric adult-onset macular dystrophy.

Purpose: To report multimodal imaging features of a novel MFSD8/CLN7 pathogenic variant associated with bilateral and symmetric non-syndromic macular dystrophy.

Methods: A 63-year-old female patient presented complaining of a gradual subjective decline in visual acuity in both eyes over the previous months. This patient underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological assessment, including multimodal retinal imaging and electrophysiological testing.

Central serous chorioretinopathy: An evidence-based treatment guideline.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a relatively common disease that causes vision loss due to macular subretinal fluid leakage and it is often associated with reduced vision-related quality of life. In CSC, the leakage of subretinal fluid through defects in the retinal pigment epithelial layer's outer blood-retina barrier appears to occur secondary to choroidal abnormalities and dysfunction. The treatment of CSC is currently the subject of controversy, although recent data obtained from several large randomized controlled trials provide a wealth of new information that can be used to establish a treatment algorithm.

Use of a subpalpebral lavage system as salvage therapy for panophthalmitis due to an infected scleral buckle.

Purpose: To present a case and surgical technique for management of panophthalmitis secondary to an infected scleral buckle.

Methods: Surgical technique video for management of an infected scleral buckle resulting in panophthalmitis with scleral buckle and suture explant and insertion of a subpalpebral lavage system.

Results: After two months, the visual acuity was restored to hand motion, likely secondary to a fibrotic secondary membrane, and the retina remain attached.

Characterization of Ocular Injuries Caused by Orbeez Hydrated Gel Pellet Projectiles: Clinical Insights and Implications.

Purpose: To examine the clinical characteristics of patients who have experienced blunt ocular injuries from "Orbeez" hydrated gel pellets (Spin Master Corp.), and to describe ocular morbidity, visual acuity (VA), and intraocular pressure (IOP) after Orbeez-related ocular trauma.

Design: Retrospective, institutional, observational case series.

The Sensitivity of Ultra-Widefield Fundus Photography Versus Scleral Depressed Examination for Detection of Retinal Horseshoe Tears.

Purpose: Ultra-widefield (UWF) imaging is commonly used in ophthalmology in tandem with scleral depressed examinations (SDE) to evaluate peripheral retinal disease. Because of the increased reliance on this technology in tele-ophthalmology, it is critical to evaluate its efficacy for detecting the peripheral retina when performed in isolation. Therefore, we sought to evaluate UWF imaging sensitivity in detecting retinal horseshoe tears (HSTs).

Expanded Spectrum Torpedo Retinopathy: A Case Series.

Torpedo lesions in the retina are rare, and their clinical significance has not been well established. This case series highlights patients with atypical torpedo lesions with varying orientations and pigmentation patterns. We describe the first documented case of an inferiorly oriented lesion, to our knowledge, and add to the few previous descriptions of double-torpedo lesions.

Outcomes and Clinical Features Predictive of Fungal Endophthalmitis.

Purpose: To analyze intravitreal antifungal injections performed at a tertiary center to determine (1) risk factors increasing fungal endophthalmitis likelihood at the time of patient presentation, (2) prognostic factors at presentation, and (3) validity of American Academy of Ophthalmology (Academy) ophthalmologic Candida septicemia (candidemia) screening guidelines.

Design: Single-center, retrospective clinical case-control study.

Methods: Clinical course, visual outcome, and final diagnosis were analyzed for 75 patients (81 eyes) receiving intravitreal antifungal injections between 2014 and 2021.

OCT and OCT Angiography Update: Clinical Application to Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, Macular Telangiectasia, and Diabetic Retinopathy.

Similar to ultrasound adapting soundwaves to depict the inner structures and tissues, optical coherence tomography (OCT) utilizes low coherence light waves to assess characteristics in the eye. Compared to the previous gold standard diagnostic imaging fluorescein angiography, OCT is a noninvasive imaging modality that generates images of ocular tissues at a rapid speed. Two commonly used iterations of OCT include spectral-domain (SD) and swept-source (SS).

Surgical Approach with Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Subretinal Gene Therapy.

Gene therapy is emerging as a treatment for inherited diseases including retinitis pigmentosa. Through surgery, specifically with pars plana vitrectomy, the subretinal space can be accessed to directly administer this treatment. The goal herein is to provide an overview of this approach.

Culture of Human Retinal Explants for Ex Vivo Assessment of AAV Gene Delivery.

Due to the clinically established safety and efficacy profile of recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors, they are considered the "go to" vector for retinal gene therapy. Design of a rAAV-mediated gene therapy focuses on cell tropism, high transduction efficiency, and high transgene expression levels to achieve the lowest therapeutic treatment dosage and avoid toxicity. Human retinal explants are a clinically relevant model system for exploring these aspects of rAAV-mediated gene delivery.

Etiology of Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a set of symptoms including tunnel vision, night blindness, and progressive vision loss, stemming from a very heterogeneous set of causes-it can result from a several different kinds of mutations (non-syndromic) in conjunction with other symptoms, as part of a larger syndrome (syndromic), or secondary to an organ system disease state (secondary RP). This chapter explores and elucidates these various causes of RP.

Risk factors for enucleation or evisceration in endophthalmitis.

Purpose: To identify clinical risk factors for enucleation or evisceration in patients with endophthalmitis at an academic institution.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with endophthalmitis at Wilmer Eye Institute from 2010 to 2019 was conducted. Clinical characteristics, including demographics, cause for endophthalmitis, microbial culture results, salvaging procedures and surgical intervention were recorded.

Vitamin A deficiency and the retinal "double carrot" sign with optical coherence tomography.

Background: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and full-field electroretinography (ERG) allow retinal assessment with vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Using SD-OCT, this study aimed to characterize and follow a novel retinal abnormality in patients with VAD and intramuscular supplementation.

Methods: Patients with VAD were retrospectively reviewed, including SD-OCT and electroretinography.

Novel mutation causing non-syndromic asymmetric adult-onset macular dystrophy.

Background: mutations can cause type 7 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a systemic disorder that includes vision loss; however, such mutations can also cause isolated retinal dystrophy with vision loss without systemic signs or symptoms as first identified in 2015. This report details a previously unreported combination of compound heterozygous variants in the gene causing a non-syndromic, bilateral central macular dystrophy presenting in adulthood.

Materials And Methods: We present a case of -associated retinal dystrophy with multimodal imaging and a review of relevant literature.

National emergency department trends for endogenous endophthalmitis: an increasing public health challenge.

Background/objective: To characterize incidence rates and identify risk factors for admission and mortality in patients with endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in the United States (US).

Subjects/methods: Patients with EE were identified using the Nationwide Emergency Department (NEDS) Database from 2006 to 2017 in this cross-sectional study. Subjects were required to have diagnoses of both endophthalmitis and septicaemia using contemporary International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes.

Characterizing the microbiota of instrumentation in ophthalmology clinics during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: Increased ophthalmology-specific risk of novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is well-established, increasing the fear of infection and causing associated decreased rates of procedures known to save vision. However, the potential transmission from exposure to clinic instrumentation is unknown, including which additional pathogens may be spreading in this context. This study seeks to fill this gap by characterizing the microbiota of instrumentation in ophthalmology clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifying potential sources of pathogenic spread encountered by patients and healthcare workers.