Effects of machine learning errors on human decision-making: manipulations of model accuracy, error types, and error importance.

This study addressed the cognitive impacts of providing correct and incorrect machine learning (ML) outputs in support of an object detection task. The study consisted of five experiments that manipulated the accuracy and importance of mock ML outputs. In each of the experiments, participants were given the T and L task with T-shaped targets and L-shaped distractors.

Numerical and Visual Representations of Uncertainty Lead to Different Patterns of Decision Making.

Although visualizations are a useful tool for helping people to understand information, they can also have unintended effects on human cognition. This is especially true for uncertain information, which is difficult for people to understand. Prior work has found that different methods of visualizing uncertain information can produce different patterns of decision making from users.

Baseline heart rate variability (HRV) and performance during a set-shifting visuospatial learning task: The moderating effect of trait negative affectivity (NA) on behavioral flexibility.

Higher negative affectivity (NA) has an association with decreased executive function and cognitive control. Heart rate variability (HRV) may index cardiac vagal regulation differences in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) for both cognition and emotion. The current study investigates this association using a set-shifting variant of the Virtual Morris Water Task (VMWT) to study discrimination learning, spatial learning, reversal learning, and attentional set-shifting in a virtual environment.

Frontal alpha asymmetry in alcohol-related intimate partner violence.

Electroencephalographic (EEG) frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) has been associated with differences in the experience and expression of emotion, motivation and anger in normal and clinical populations. The current study is the first to investigate FAA in alcohol-related intimate partner violence. EEG was recorded from 23 distressed violent (DV) and 15 distressed nonviolent (DNV) partners during a placebo-controlled alcohol administration and emotion-regulation study.

Associations and Heritability of Auditory Encoding, Gray Matter, and Attention in Schizophrenia.

Background: Auditory encoding abnormalities, gray-matter loss, and cognitive deficits are all candidate schizophrenia (SZ) endophenotypes. This study evaluated associations between and heritability of auditory network attributes (function and structure) and attention in healthy controls (HC), SZ patients, and unaffected relatives (UR).

Methods: Whole-brain maps of M100 auditory activity from magnetoencephalography recordings, cortical thickness (CT), and a measure of attention were obtained from 70 HC, 69 SZ patients, and 35 UR.

Cortical thickness as a contributor to abnormal oscillations in schizophrenia?

Introduction: Although brain rhythms depend on brain structure (e.g., gray and white matter), to our knowledge associations between brain oscillations and structure have not been investigated in healthy controls (HC) or in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ).

Frontal and superior temporal auditory processing abnormalities in schizophrenia.

Background: Although magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies show superior temporal gyrus (STG) auditory processing abnormalities in schizophrenia at 50 and 100 ms, EEG and corticography studies suggest involvement of additional brain areas (e.g., frontal areas) during this interval.