Numeracy and memory for risk probabilities and risk outcomes depicted on cigarette warning labels.

Objective: Greater numeracy is associated with higher likelihood to quit smoking. We examined whether numeracy supports learning of numeric health-risk information and, in turn, greater risk perceptions and quit intentions.

Method: Adult smokers ( = 696) viewed text warnings with numeric risk information four times each in one of three warning-label types (text-only, low-emotion pictorial [i.