Remote Monitoring and Data Collection for Decentralized Clinical Trials.

Importance: Less than 5% of patients with cancer enroll in a clinical trial, partly due to financial and logistic burdens, especially among underserved populations. The COVID-19 pandemic marked a substantial shift in the adoption of decentralized trial operations by pharmaceutical companies.

Objective: To assess the current global state of adoption of decentralized trial technologies, understand factors that may be driving or preventing adoption, and highlight aspirations and direction for industry to enable more patient-centric trials.

Health Care Policy and Disparities in Health.

The United States has seen a 33% decline in age-adjusted cancer mortality since 1991. Despite this achievement, the United States has some of the greatest health disparities of any developed nation. US government policies are increasingly directed toward reducing health disparities and promoting health equity.

2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review.

Context: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of the disease is paramount to improve primary and secondary prevention strategies.

Objective: To systematically review and summarize the current evidence on the descriptive epidemiology, large screening studies, diagnostic techniques, and risk factors of PCa.

Disparities in Breast Cancer Outcomes and How to Resolve Them.

There has been a 40% decline in breast cancer age-adjusted death rate since 1990. Black American women have not experienced as great a decline; indeed, the Black-White disparity in mortality in the United States is greater today than it has ever been. Certain states (areas of residence), however, do not see such dramatic differences in outcome by race.

On the Potential for Optimizing Colorectal Screening Outcomes.

The development of colorectal cancer screening is a cancer control success. It is preventing thousands of deaths, but it has the potential of preventing thousands more. This can be achieved through offering all eligible patients high quality screening, diagnostics, and treatment.

Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a Lancet Oncology Commission.

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), urgent action is needed to curb a growing crisis in cancer incidence and mortality. Without rapid interventions, data estimates show a major increase in cancer mortality from 520 348 in 2020 to about 1 million deaths per year by 2030. Here, we detail the state of cancer in SSA, recommend key actions on the basis of analysis, and highlight case studies and successful models that can be emulated, adapted, or improved across the region to reduce the growing cancer crises.

Inclusion of the US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation for Mammography in State Comprehensive Cancer Control Plans in the US.

Importance: The recommendations for the age and frequency that women at average risk for breast cancer should undergo breast cancer mammography screening have been a matter of emotional, political, and scientific debate over the past decades. Multiple national organizations provide recommendations for breast cancer screening age and frequency. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funding for state comprehensive cancer control (CCC) planning requires compliance with stated objectives for attaining goals.

Disparities in Breast Cancer.

In the western world, breast cancer is the most common lethal cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death behind lung cancer. When assessing registry data, incidence and mortalty vary significantly by race or ethnicity and by socioeconomic status. There are a number of established risk factors, that effect risk of not just risk of breast cancer overall but the risk of certain molecular subtypes of breast cancer.

Advancing Inclusive Research: Establishing Collaborative Strategies to Improve Diversity in Clinical Trials.

Well-characterized disparities in clinical research have disproportionately affected patients of color, particularly in underserved communities. To tackle these barriers, Genentech formed the External Council for Advancing Inclusive Research, a 14-person committee dedicated to developing strategies to increase clinical research participation. To help improve the recruitment and retention of patients of color, this article chronicles our efforts to tangibly address the clinical research barriers at the system, study, and patient levels over the last four years.

Health inequity drives disease biology to create disparities in prostate cancer outcomes.

Prostate cancer exerts a greater toll on African American men than on White men of European descent (hereafter referred to as European American men): the disparity in incidence and mortality is greater than that of any other common cancer. The disproportionate impact of prostate cancer on Black men has been attributed to the genetics of African ancestry, to diet and lifestyle risk factors, and to unequal access to quality health care. In this Review, all of these influences are considered in the context of the evolving understanding that chronic or recurrent inflammatory processes drive prostatic carcinogenesis.

Race, ethnicity, and gender reporting in North American clinical trials for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Introduction: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993 established guidelines for the inclusion of racial/ethnic minorities and women in clinical research. However, the reporting rate of such patient demographic data in clinical trials for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is not well characterized.

Methods: We identified published clinical trials of all phases (I -III) for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer conducted in the US and/or Canada.

The 50 years' war: The history and outcomes of the National Cancer Act of 1971.

The National Cancer Act of 1971 instigated 50 years of momentum that raised the federal investment in cancer research from $500 million in 1972 to $6.5 billion in 2021. This investment has fueled basic, translational, and clinical research that has had a tremendous impact on our understanding of cancer and our ability to prevent, diagnose, and treat it.

Disparities in Tumor Mutational Burden, Immunotherapy Use, and Outcomes Based on Genomic Ancestry in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: In patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC), tumor mutational burden (TMB) may vary by genomic ancestry; however, its impact on treatment outcomes is unclear. This retrospective, observational study describes treatment patterns of patients with aNSCLC by genomic ancestry and electronic health record (EHR)-reported race and/or ethnicity and evaluates differences in TMB, cancer immunotherapy (CIT) access, and treatment outcomes across racial and ancestral groups.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with aNSCLC after January 1, 2011, were selected from a real-world deidentified clinicogenomics database and EHR-derived database; continuously enrolled patients were evaluated.

Treatment patterns in US patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and pulmonary involvement.

This study describes the baseline characteristics and treatment patterns of US patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pulmonary involvement. Patients hospitalized with pulmonary involvement due to COVID-19 (first hospitalization) were identified in the IBM Explorys® electronic health records database. Demographics, baseline clinical characteristics, and in-hospital medications were assessed.