Ephaptic conduction in tonic-clonic seizures.

Objectives: Electroencephalograms (EEGs) or multi-unit activities (MUAs) of tonic-clonic seizures typically exhibit a distinct structure. After a preliminary phase (DC shift, spikes), the tonic phase is characterized by synchronized activity of numerous neurons, followed by the clonic phase, marked by a periodic sequence of spikes. However, the mechanisms underlying the transition from tonic to clonic phases remain poorly understood.

Laryngeal Findings in a 20-Month-Old With Cri du Chat Syndrome.

Laryngeal anatomical variations in Cri du Chat syndrome remain incompletely characterized in the medical literature, with few published photographic documentations. We present a case of a 20-month-old male with confirmed 5p15 deletion who presented with congenital inspiratory stridor and dysphagia. Videofluoroscopic evaluation at 13 months demonstrated aspiration of thin liquids.

Acetabular Augments Used in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: Minimum 10-year Follow-Up of Implant Survivorships, Functional Scores, and Radiographic Outcomes.

Background: Acetabular bone loss is a major challenge in the setting of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Porous tantalum augments have emerged as a viable solution to acetabular bone loss in revision THA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survivorship, clinical, and radiological outcomes of these implants.

Cup-Cage Construct for Treatment of Severe Acetabular Bone Loss in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes at a Mean Follow-Up of 7.7 Years.

Background: Acetabular reconstruction in the context of massive acetabular bone loss is challenging. Achieving implant stability in these situations requires special considerations. The cup-cage construct is a treatment option that addresses this issue.

Outcomes of Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Femoral Head Cartilage Lesions: Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up.

Background: The surgical management of large osteochondral lesions of the femoral head in young, active patients remains controversial. Fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation can be a highly effective treatment for these lesions in some patients. This study investigated survivorship as well as clinical and radiographic outcomes after fresh OCA transplantation at a minimum 2-year follow-up (mean, 6.

Cup-cage constructs in revision total hip arthroplasty for pelvic discontinuity.

Aims: Pelvic discontinuity is a challenging acetabular defect without a consensus on surgical management. Cup-cage reconstruction is an increasingly used treatment strategy. The present study evaluated implant survival, clinical and radiological outcomes, and complications associated with the cup-cage construct.

Possible mechanism of schizophrenia origin by excess GABA and synaptic pruning.

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that affects approximately 1% of the global population. However, the etiology of this illness remains a subject of debate. One of the proposed mechanisms underlying schizophrenia is the synaptic pruning mediated by microglia in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia, although the precise mechanisms of this process remain elusive.

A possible new cardiac heterogeneity as an arrhythmogenic driver.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest cardiac arrhythmia, affecting 3 million people in the USA and 8 million in the EU (according to the European Society of Cardiology). So, why is it that even with the best medical care, around a third of the patients are treatment resistant. Extensive research of its etiology showed that AF and its mechanisms are still debatable.

Percolation and tortuosity in heart-like cells.

In the last several years, quite a few papers on the joint question of transport, tortuosity and percolation have appeared in the literature, dealing with passage of miscellaneous liquids or electrical currents in different media. However, these methods have not been applied to the passage of action potential in heart fibrosis (HF), which is crucial for problems of heart arrhythmia, especially of atrial tachycardia and fibrillation. In this work we address the HF problem from these aspects.

Origin of post-ictal and post-anesthesia adverse effects and possibly of SUDEP.

The origin of post-ictal malfunctions is debatable. We want to propose a novel idea of a cause of these adverse results occurring following epileptic seizures and anesthesia. Previously we have put forward the idea that epileptic seizures termination is caused by the function of the glymphatic system in the brain.

Pattern of infections in French and migrant homeless hospitalised at Marseille infectious disease units, France: A retrospective study, 2017-2018.

Background: No research has been conducted on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of homeless patients (HP) hospitalized in Infectious Disease Units (IDU).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective survey among 98 HP and 98 non-HP admitted between 2017 and 2018 in several IDUs in Marseille, France.

Results: HP were more likely to be migrant, to report frequent alcohol consumption or illicit drug use, and to present with respiratory symptoms at admission compared to controls.

Explaining recent postictal epilepsy EEG results by the G-lymphatic clearance hypothesis.

Two recent postictal EEG measurements demonstrate somewhat conflicting results of epileptic behavior clearance in different brain parts. Both measurements observed two modes of seizure cessation, an abrupt and a gradual one, with slightly different statistics. No explanations were given for the appearance of these modes.

A combined astrocyte - G-lymphatic model of epilepsy initiation, maintenance and termination.

Although epilepsy afflicts numerous people worldwide, its dynamics are still controversial. Especially seizure termination is relatively unidentified. Here we suggest a coherent explanation to all stages of epilepsy, its genesis, seizure initiation and termination.

Trauma-related mortality of patients with severe psychiatric disorders: population-based study from the French national hospital database.

Background: Most research on mortality in people with severe psychiatric disorders has focused on natural causes of death. Little is known about trauma-related mortality, although bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have been associated with increased risk of self-administered injury and road accidents.

Aims: To determine if 30-day in-patient mortality from traumatic injury was increased in people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia compared with those without psychiatric disorders.

Impact of an awareness of the doctors treating on the decrease of the prescriptions of antipsychotics in the demented residents in Ehpad.

Background: Despite the context of several national warnings, antipsychotics drugs are commonly used to treat behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD).

Aim: To observe a decrease of antipsychotic drug prescription, in old NH (nursing homes) residents with dementia, after an awareness of their general practitioner.

Methods: Observational, prospective, multicenter study.

Reentry as an Origin for Rotors.

The aim of the study is to understand in depth the meaning of "reentry", and to decipher if and how it can lead to malfunctions of the heart and possibly of the brain. A simple model is used to reveal the mechanism by which a single pulse of action potential rotating around a ring of excitable medium, the latter simulating a reentry circuit, can generate spirals (single and/or double) when the pulse can emerge from and develop outside the ring. Two mechanisms of spiral generation are demonstrated: (1) a mechanism in which a source of single spirals is created at the contact with the core soon after the pulse freeing action, their chirality being due to the sense of the preceding pulse rotation.

Causality analysis of leading singular value decomposition modes identifies rotor as the dominant driving normal mode in fibrillation.

Cardiac fibrillation is a major clinical and societal burden. Rotors may drive fibrillation in many cases, but their role and patterns are often masked by complex propagation. We used Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), which ranks patterns of activation hierarchically, together with Wiener-Granger causality analysis (WGCA), which analyses direction of information among observations, to investigate the role of rotors in cardiac fibrillation.

Methylphenidate: Gender trends in adult and pediatric populations over a 7year period.

Objective: Methylphenidate (MPH) is a prescription-stimulant medication which is authorized in France for two indications: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children (aged≥6years) and narcolepsy in cases where modafinil is ineffective (for children and adults). MPH use has increased worldwide in the past 2 decades in children and adults. Different pharmacoepidemiological Europeans studies have described MPH patterns of use.

Increased serum levels of fractalkine and mobilisation of CD34CD45 endothelial progenitor cells in systemic sclerosis.

Background: The disruption of endothelial homeostasis is a major determinant in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is reflected by soluble and cellular markers of activation, injury and repair. We aimed to provide a combined assessment of endothelial markers to delineate specific profiles associated with SSc disease and its severity.

Methods: We conducted an observational, single-centre study comprising 45 patients with SSc and 41 healthy control subjects.

[What can we expect from clinical trials in psychiatry?].

Clinical trials in psychiatry allow to build the regulatory dossiers for market authorization but also to document the mechanism of action of new drugs, to build pharmacodynamics models, evaluate the treatment effects, propose prognosis, efficacy or tolerability biomarkers and altogether to assess the impact of drugs for patient, caregiver and society. However, clinical trials have shown some limitations. Number of recent dossiers failed to convince the regulators.

Antidepressant adherence patterns in older patients: use of a clustering method on a prescription database.

According to the World Health Organization, depression will become the second most important cause of disability worldwide by 2020. Our objective was to identify patterns of adherence to antidepressant treatments in older patients using several indicators of adherence and to characterize these patterns in terms of medication exposure. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the French National Health Insurance reimbursement database.

Relation between ultrasonic properties, rheology and baking quality for bread doughs of widely differing formulation.

Background: The objective was to evaluate whether an ultrasonic reflectance technique has predictive capacity for breadmaking performance of doughs made under a wide range of formulation conditions. Two flours of contrasting dough strength augmented with different levels of ingredients (inulin, oil, emulsifier or salt) were used to produce different bread doughs with a wide range of properties. Breadmaking performance was evaluated by conventional large-strain rheological tests on the dough and by assessment of loaf quality.

Ergot Use and Overuse: A Pharmacoepidemiology Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate and to characterize the actual patterns of ergot use and overuse in France using a drug reimbursement database.

Methods: We included all people covered by the French General Health Insurance System (GHIS) from the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur (PACA) and Corsica administrative areas who had at least one prescription of ergot between May 2010 and December 2011. All prescriptions of ergots, migraine prophylactic treatment, and psychotropic medications were extracted from the GHIS database.

Singular Value Decomposition of Optically-Mapped Cardiac Rotors and Fibrillatory Activity.

Our progress of understanding how cellular and structural factors contribute to the arrhythmia is hampered in part because of controversies whether a fibrillating heart is driven by a single, several, or multiple number of sources, and whether they are focal or reentrant, and how to localize them. Here we demonstrate how a novel usage of the neutral singular value decomposition (SVD) method enables the extraction of the governing spatial and temporal modes of excitation from a rotor and fibrillatory waves. Those modes highlight patterns and regions of organization in the midst of the otherwise seemingly-randomly propagating excitation waves.