Infectious Complications of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.

In this review, the infectious complications observed in sarcoidosis are considered from a practical point of view to help the clinician not to overlook them in a difficult context, as pulmonary sarcoidosis makes the recognition of superinfections more difficult. An increased incidence of community-acquired pneumonia and of opportunistic pneumonia has been reported, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Pulmonary destructive lesions of advanced sarcoidosis increase the incidence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and infection by other agents.

Comparison of Standard Versus Intermediate Prophylaxis Dose for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection.

COVID-19 infection is associated with a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events. VTE prophylaxis reduces the risk of these events. The optimal dose of VTE prophylaxis however remains uncertain.

Microbial iron acquisition is influenced by spatial and temporal conditions in a glacial influenced river and estuary system.

In Arctic regions, glaciers are major sources of iron to rivers and streams; however, estuaries are considered iron sinks due to the coagulation and flocculation processes that occur at higher salinities. It is unknown how iron dynamics in a glacial influenced river and estuary environment affect microbial mechanisms for iron acquisition. Microbial taxonomic and functional sequencing was performed on samples taken throughout the year from the Kenai River and the estuary, Alaska.

Pitfalls in diagnosis of infiltrative lung disease by CT.

The diagnosis of interstitial lung disease may be challenging, especially in atypical disease. Various factors must be considered when performing and reading a chest CT examination for interstitial lung disease, because each of them may represent a source of misinterpretation. Firstly, technical aspects must be mastered, including acquisition and reconstruction parameters as well as post-processing.

Imaging features and differential diagnoses of non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases.

Acute or chronic non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases have multiple causes, degrees of severity, and a wide range of management. Some situations require emergency care while others do not need specific treatment. Although the diagnosis may be suspected on chest X-ray, it is mainly based on CT.

Project EVADE: Evaluating the effects of a pharmacist-run transitions of care clinic on hospital readmissions.

Objectives: The primary objective of this report is to describe the implementation of a pilot pharmacist-run transitions of care clinic. The secondary objective is to present data collected on the impact of this clinic in regard to 30-day, all-cause hospital readmission rates and provider acceptance rates of pharmacist recommendations.

Setting: This transitions of care clinic was implemented in a Department of Veterans Affairs ambulatory care center located in Columbus, Ohio.

Routine frailty assessment predicts postoperative complications in elderly patients across surgical disciplines - a retrospective observational study.

Background: Frailty is a frequent and underdiagnosed functional syndrome involving reduced physiological reserves and an increased vulnerability against stressors, with severe individual and socioeconomic consequences. A routine frailty assessment was implemented at our preoperative anaesthesia clinic to identify patients at risk.

Objective: This study examines the relationship between frailty status and the incidence of in-hospital postoperative complications in elderly surgical patients across several surgical disciplines.

Food Sensation Modulates Locomotion by Dopamine and Neuropeptide Signaling in a Distributed Neuronal Network.

Finding food and remaining at a food source are crucial survival strategies. We show how neural circuits and signaling molecules regulate these food-related behaviors in Caenorhabditis elegans. In the absence of food, AVK interneurons release FLP-1 neuropeptides that inhibit motorneurons to regulate body posture and velocity, thereby promoting dispersal.

[Pulmonary tuberculosis: Radiological evolution of broncho-pulmonary lesions at the end of treatment].

Objectives: To describe the residual broncho-pulmonary lesions and evaluate the role of CT scanning at the end of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Materials And Methods: Analysis of the initial and end of treatment CT scans of 56 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis according to a reading grid including parenchymatous and airways lesions. The CT data at the end of treatment were analysed in relation to the clinical and microbiological data, and the original CT scan.

Reproductive outcome of patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation treatment and diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis or abnormal vaginal microbiota: a systematic PRISMA review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite recent efforts, the risks associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) or abnormal vaginal microbiota in IVF patients are not well-established.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the risks associated with BV in IVF patients using meta-analysis.

Search Strategy: Following preliminary searches to find relevant keywords and MeSH terms, a systematic search was performed in PubMed (MEDLINE) in September 2017.

Prevalence and incidence of interstitial lung diseases in a multi-ethnic county of Greater Paris.

The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in Seine-Saint-Denis, a multi-ethnic county of Greater Paris, France.Patients with ILDs were identified between January and December 2012 by using several sources; all potentially involved medical specialists from public and private hospitals, community-based pulmonologists and general practitioners, and the Social Security system. Diagnoses were validated centrally by an expert multidisciplinary discussion.

High-resolution computed tomography to differentiate chronic diffuse infiltrative lung diseases with chronic multifocal consolidation patterns using logical analysis of data.

Background: Chronic lung consolidation has a limited number of differential diagnoses requiring distinct managements. The aim of the study was to investigate how logical analysis of data (LAD) can support their diagnosis at HRCT (high-resolution computed tomography).

Methods: One hundred twenty-four patients were retrospectively included and classified into 8 diagnosis categories: sarcoidosis (n=35), connective tissue disease (n=21), adenocarcinoma (n=17), lymphoma (n=13), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (n=11), drug-induced lung disease (n=9), chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (n =7) and miscellaneous (n=11).

NKG2C/E Marks the Unique Cytotoxic CD4 T Cell Subset, ThCTL, Generated by Influenza Infection.

CD4 T cells can differentiate into multiple effector subsets, including ThCTL that mediate MHC class II-restricted cytotoxicity. Although CD4 T cell-mediated cytotoxicity has been reported in multiple viral infections, their characteristics and the factors regulating their generation are unclear, in part due to a lack of a signature marker. We show in this article that, in mice, NKG2C/E identifies the ThCTL that develop in the lung during influenza A virus infection.

Management of sarcoidosis in clinical practice.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown cause with very diverse presentation, outcome, severity and need for treatments. While some presentations may be very typical, for many patients, the presentation is nonspecific, with shared associations with other diseases at times being by far more frequent or misleading, which can be a cause of significant delay and often several consultations before a diagnosis of sarcoidosis can be confirmed. This is particularly the case when pulmonary manifestations are in the forefront.

Synthetic retinal analogues modify the spectral and kinetic characteristics of microbial rhodopsin optogenetic tools.

Optogenetic tools have become indispensable in neuroscience to stimulate or inhibit excitable cells by light. Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) variants have been established by mutating the opsin backbone or by mining related algal genomes. As an alternative strategy, we surveyed synthetic retinal analogues combined with microbial rhodopsins for functional and spectral properties, capitalizing on assays in C.

In vivo synaptic recovery following optogenetic hyperstimulation.

Local recycling of synaptic vesicles (SVs) allows neurons to sustain transmitter release. Extreme activity (e.g.

Screening for latent tuberculosis in anti-TNF-α candidate patients in a high tuberculosis incidence setting.

Background: Screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) using a protocol comprising chest X-ray and tuberculin skin test (TST) interpreted with medical history, Sc1, reduces LTBI reactivation on treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-α). In the district of Seine-Saint-Denis, France, where tuberculosis (TB) incidence ranges from 30 to >100/100 000 person-years, however, Sc1 might be insensitive as a screening tool. We adopted another protocol, Sc2, comprising Sc1 plus two additional tests: the QuantiFERON(®)-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) and chest computed tomography (CT).

Medical Readiness of the Reserve Component.

The reserve components (RCs) of the U.S. military must ensure that reservists are not only properly equipped and trained, but also medically ready to serve.

[CT imaging of chronic interstitial lung diseases: from diagnosis to automated quantification].

Computed tomography is important for the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic diffuse interstitial lung diseases. Image quality has improved from each generation of scanner to the next and this continues to allow a better characterization of extent of pathology, or even the nature of the pathological process (potentially reversible inflammatory lesions compared to fibrotic lesions). The diagnostic imaging approach has evolved at the same time as technological developments.