Evaluation of eating and rumination behaviour using a noseband pressure sensor in cows during the peripartum period.

Background: Eating and rumination variables were recorded in ten healthy cows over 5 days (group A) to generate reference intervals for comparison with the same variables recorded in ten cows in advanced pregnancy from ten days prepartum to ten days postpartum (group B). A pressure sensor integrated into the noseband of a halter recorded individual chewing movements. The endpoints calculated on a daily basis for each cow included duration of eating and rumination, number of eating and rumination phases, number of chewing cycles during eating and rumination, number of regurgitated cuds and number of chewing cycles per cud.

[Claw size of Scottish Highland Cows after pasture and housing periods].

The claws of pastured Scottish Highland Cattle are large and this may raise the question if regular claw trimming is necessary. Therefore, the claws of the right thoracic and pelvic limbs were measured in 22 Scottish Highland cows 4 times 8 weeks apart. The cows were kept on various alpine pastures before the first measurement, on a two-hectare low-land pasture before the second measurement, in a welfare-compliant straw-bedded free stall before the third measurement and on alpine pasture before the fourth measurement.

Eating and rumination behaviour of Scottish Highland cattle on pasture and in loose housing during the winter.

This study examined eating and rumination behaviour in 13 Scottish Highland cattle for 13 days on a winter pasture and then for 13 days in a loose housing barn during winter. The cows were fed hay ad libitum and each was fitted with a pressure-sensitive transducer integrated into the noseband of the halter. The endpoints for each cow at both locations were calculated per day and included eating and rumination times, number of chewing cycles related to eating and rumination, number of regurgitated cuds and number of chewing cycles per cud.

The effects of repeated administration of camphor-crataegus berry extract combination on blood pressure and on attentional performance - a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

The present study investigated the effects of repeated administration of Korodin(®), a combination of camphor and crataegus berry extract, on blood pressure and attentional functioning. This study was conducted based on a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design. 54 persons participated (33 female, 21 male) with a mean age of 24.

Redundant role of protein kinase C delta and epsilon during mouse embryonic development.

Protein Kinase C delta and epsilon are mediators of important cellular events, such as cell proliferation, migration or apoptosis. The formation of blood vessels, i.e.

[Oedema and haemorrhagic diathesis in a 50-year-old woman with thyrotoxicosis].

We describe the case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with tachyarrhythmia, mild fever, peripheral oedema, ascites, epistaxis and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Blood analysis revealed hyperthyroxinaemia. Analysis of thyroid-stimulating antibodies highlighted Graves' disease being the cause of the prevailing thyrotoxic crisis.

[Ultrasonographic finding and treatment of a cow with pyelonephrosis].

Ultrasonography of a six-year-old Simmental cow revealed an abscess like structure, approximately 15 cm in diameter, in place of the right kidney. The cow had a history of colic for 4 days and was referred to our clinic with a tentative diagnosis of caecal dilatation. The cow voided dark opaque urine with white floccules.

Assessment of a new method for the analysis of decomposition gases of polymers by a combining thermogravimetric solid-phase extraction and thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

For analysis of the gaseous thermal decomposition products of polymers, the common techniques are thermogravimetry, combined with Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) and mass spectrometry (TGA-MS). These methods offer a simple approach to the decomposition mechanism, especially for small decomposition molecules. Complex spectra of gaseous mixtures are very often hard to identify because of overlapping signals.

PKCλ haploinsufficiency prevents diabetes by a mechanism involving alterations in hepatic enzymes.

Tissue-specific knockout (KO) of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), PKC-λ, yields contrasting phenotypes, depending on the tissue. Thus, whereas muscle KO of PKC-λ impairs glucose transport and causes glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and liver-dependent lipid abnormalities, liver KO and adipocyte KO of PKC-λ increase insulin sensitivity through salutary alterations in hepatic enzymes. Also note that, although total-body (TB) homozygous KO of PKC-λ is embryonic lethal, TB heterozygous (Het) KO (TBHetλKO) is well-tolerated.

Computed tomography of the abdomen of calves during the first 105 days of life: III. Urinary tract and adrenal glands.

Computed tomographic (CT) findings of the urinary tract and adrenal glands of five healthy male calves in the first 105 days of life were compared with corresponding cadaver slices. The structures seen on CT images were identified using the corresponding cadaver slices. CT produced exact images of the kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra and adrenal glands, but reliable images of the ureters were only obtained near the renal hilus.

Computed tomography of the abdomen of calves during the first 105 days of life: II. Liver, spleen, and small and large intestines.

Computed tomography (CT) findings of the liver, spleen and intestines of five healthy calves during six examinations in the first 105 days of life were compared with corresponding cadaver slices. The liver was located in the right hemiabdomen adjacent to the diaphragm and right abdominal wall. The caudal vena cava was seen dorsomedially and the portal vein further ventrally.

Computed tomography of the abdomen of calves during the first 105 days of life: I. Reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum.

Computed tomographic (CT) images of the reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum of five healthy Holstein-Friesian bull calves were compared with anatomical transverse cadaver sections of the same calves. The calves were scanned in the transverse plane from the 5th thoracic vertebra to the sacrum six times three weeks apart from birth to 105 days of age. Multiplanar reconstruction was used to create images in sagittal and dorsal planes.

First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Pseudocercospora pruni-persicicola on Sweet Cherry in Korea.

Sweet cherry, Prunus avium (L.) L., is not much cultivated in Korea, with only 150 ha planted for domestic consumption.

Ruptured urinary bladder attributable to urethral compression by a haematoma after vertebral fracture in a bull.

Background: In male cattle, rupture of the urinary bladder is usually associated with urethral obstruction by uroliths. Less common causes include urethral compression or stricture. This case report describes the findings in a young Limousion breeding bull with rupture of the urinary bladder because of urethral compression by a haematoma after coccygeal fracture.

Abnormal regurgitation in three cows caused by intrathoracic perioesophageal lesions.

Background: Three Brown Swiss cows with abnormal regurgitation because of a perioesophageal disorder are described.

Case Presentation: The cows were ill and had poor appetite, salivation and regurgitation of poorly-chewed feed. Collection of rumen juice was successful in one cow, and in another, the tube could be advanced to the level of the 7th intercostal space, and in the third, only saliva could be collected.

Impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose transport and ERK activation by adipocyte-specific knockout of PKC-λ produces a phenotype characterized by diminished adiposity and enhanced insulin suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Tissue-specific knockout (KO) of atypical protein kinase C-λ (PKC-λ) impairs insulin-stimulated glucose transport in muscle (M) and lipid synthesis in liver (L), thereby producing insulin resistance in MλKO mice and insulin-hypersensitivity in LλKO mice. Here, we generated mice with KO of PKC-λ in adipocytes, i.e.

A without-prejudice list of generic names of fungi for protection under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.

As a first step towards the production of a List of Protected Generic Names for Fungi, a without-prejudice list is presented here as a basis for future discussion and the production of a List for formal adoption. We include 6995 generic names out of the 17072 validly published names proposed for fungi and invite comments from all interested mycologists by 31 March 2014. The selection of names for inclusion takes note of recent major publications on different groups of fungi, and further the decisions reached so far by international working groups concerned with particular families or genera.

Cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae) 1. Species on other fungi, Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.

Cercosporoid fungi (former Cercospora s. lat.) represent one of the largest groups of hyphomycetes belonging to the Mycosphaerellaceae (Ascomycota).

Congenital nasolacrimal duct fistula in Brown Swiss cattle.

Background: An increased incidence of nasolacrimal duct fistula in the offspring of dam J and three of her sons (bulls A, B and C) prompted a study to investigate the prevalence and clinical manifestation of this anomaly. The dam J, bull B, 255 direct offspring of bulls A, B, and C and eight other direct and indirect offspring of cow J were examined. The periocular region of each animal was examined for unilateral or bilateral nasolacrimal duct fistula and the location, appearance and size of the lesions.

Clinical signs, treatment, and outcome in 15 cattle with sinonasal cysts.

Objective: To evaluate clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of cattle with sinonasal cysts.

Study Design: Case series.

Animals: Cattle (n = 15).

Decision-making styles of seriously ill male Veterans for end-of-life care: Autonomists, Altruists, Authorizers, Absolute Trusters, and Avoiders.

Objective: To describe self-reported decision-making styles and associated pathways through end-of-life (EOL) decision-making for African-American, Caucasian, and Hispanic seriously ill male Veterans, and to examine potential relationships of race/ethnicity on these styles.

Methods: Forty-four African American, White, and Hispanic male Veterans with advanced serious illnesses participated in 8 racially/ethnically homogenous focus groups. Transcripts were qualitatively analyzed to identify major themes, with particular attention to themes that might be unique to each of the racial/ethnic groups.

Sheep persistently infected with Border disease readily transmit virus to calves seronegative to BVD virus.

Bovine viral diarrhea- and Border disease viruses of sheep belong to the highly diverse genus pestivirus of the Flaviviridae. Ruminant pestiviruses may infect a wide range of domestic and wild cloven-hooved mammals (artiodactyla). Due to its economic importance, programs to eradicate bovine viral diarrhea are a high priority in the cattle industry.

Herniation of the gravid uterus through a mesoduodenal defect and concurrent omental hernia in a cow.

Objectives: To describe surgical treatment of herniation of the gravid uterus through the mesoduodenum, displacement of the descending duodenum around the gravid uterus, and concurrent herniation of the small and large intestines into the omental bursa in a cow.

Study Design: Clinical report.

Animal: Three-year-old, five-month-pregnant Swiss Braunvieh cow.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour in the nasopharynx of a cow.

This case describes the findings in a Swiss Braunvieh cow with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) in the nasopharynx. The major clinical signs were mixed dyspnoea with inspiratory and expiratory noises. Radiographic views of the head revealed an irregular mass with soft-tissue density in the nasopharynx originating from the dorsal pharynx and occupying and restricting the pharyngeal cavity.