Comparative aspects of the urinary concentrating process.

Only birds and mammals can produce urines that have higher osmolalities than their plasma. In both of these vertebrate groups this is accomplished through the operation of a countercurrent multiplier system although the details of the system may differ somewhat between the two groups. In most mammals the loop of Henle has a thin ascending limb of variable length.

[Complications and reconstructive interventions of the efferent urinary system following kidney transplantation].

It is reported on early and late complications on the efferent urinary system by 667 transplantations of allogenic kidneys of corpses. The complication rate runs to 6.3%.

Endocrine regulation of avian renal function.

The avian kidney contains reptilian-type (RT) nephrons that do not function in concert and mammalian-type (MT) nephrons that do function in concert to permit production of concentrated urine. Significant data on endocrine regulation of renal function are available only for antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasotocin, AVT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Plasma AVT increases and number of filtering RT nephrons decrease when plasma osmolality increases.

[Brain tumor removal with an ultrasound aspirator].

A report is given on the application of an ultrasound aspirator for the removal of cerebral tumours. After the description of physical and surgical fundamentals, a report is given on the respective patients. Then hazards an advantages are described as far as they can be summarized already today.

Fracture of the penis. Report of 6 cases and review of the literature.

Rupture of the corpus cavernosum, commonly referred to as "fracture" of the penis, is a rare occurrence. The etiology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic methods in 6 cases are described and the experiences compared with those in the literature.

Cecae of desert quail: importance in modifying the urine.

The importance of the digestive ceca in the modification of ureteral urine was evaluated in conscious, unrestrained desert quail. Cecaectomized (Cx) birds took in slightly more food and water and excreted more solids and water than did sham operated controls. The percent utilization of food for the Cx birds was 76 and 79% for the sham operated controls.

Avian renal portal valve: a reexamination of its innervation.

The renal portal circulation of the avian kidney contains a unique smooth muscle valve that can direct blood flow from the posterior extremities to the central circulation or through the kidney. The neural control of the valve and adjacent venous tissue from Rhode Island Red roosters was characterized by measuring the isometric force developed following transmural nerve stimulation (TNS). During TNS, the valve relaxed while the iliac vein contracted.

Scaling of osmotic regulation in mammals and birds.

Allometric equations provide a means of summarizing and relating the components of renal structure and function in water balance and osmotic regulation. These summary equations also serve as base lines for evaluating adaptations to stressful environments and for comparisons of kidney designs and osmotic strategies of ureotelic mammals and uricotelic birds. Many of the functions can be quantitatively related to the M3/4 scaling of metabolic rates.

[Transdermal salicylate absorption and behavior of corticosteroid plasma levels during epidermal administration of an antiphlogistic ointment].

After repeated epidermal application of an ointment containing salicylic acid, mucopolysaccharidepolysulfate and suprarenal extract (Mobilat) the transdermal absorption of salicylate was determined in seven healthy volunteers by measuring the renal excretion of salicylate as well as the plasma level. The determination of the corticosteroid plasma level was to elucidate a possible effect caused by the suprarenal extract contained in Mobilat ointment. By means of high pressure liquid chromatography the concentrations of salicylic acid and salicyluric acid in the collected urine and in the plasma were established.

Glomerular filtration in birds--its control.

Morphologically there are marked differences between the avian and mammalian kidneys. It is apparent that these differences affect the means by which these organs carry out their homeostatic function of maintaining the internal environment constant. One of the morphological differences is a larger range in size of nephrons within the avian kidney.

Immunochemical CK-MB assay for myocardial infarction.

The diagnostic efficiency of an immunochemical assay for CK-MB (I-MB) was compared with that of an electrophoretic procedure for this isoenzyme (E-MB) in 215 consecutive patients in whom acute myocardial infarction (MI) was clinically suspected. All patients were investigated with a standard protocol consisting of serial assays of total creatine kinase (CK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LD) activities, CK-MB and LD1 isoenzymes, and electrocardiograms. Technetium pyrophosphate cardiac scans were obtained for eleven patients; autopsy was performed in six cases.

Dissociation between hepatosplenic and marrow iron in liver cirrhosis.

Histochemical study of tissue iron in the various parts of the reticuloendothelial system in 15 subjects with cirrhosis was performed. Stainable iron in the liver and spleen sections, generally in large quantities, was found in 13 of 15 cases. Paradoxical association of hepatosplenic siderosis with depletion of marrow iron reserves was observed in seven subjects.

Failure of serum ferritin levels to predict bone-marrow iron content after intravenous iron-dextran therapy.

The relation between serum ferritin levels and stainable-iron deposits in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow was investigated in 36 patients with chronic renal failure who died after being on haemodialysis for 1-103 months. Elemental iron (mean, 5450 mg) had been given intravenously as iron dextran to patients in a long-term subgroup, who had been on dialysis for more than 3 months. The results of semiquantitative histochemical assessment of tissue iron in slides obtained at necropsy (scale 0 to 4+) were confirmed by chemical analyses of tissue iron.

Micropuncture study of the superficial nephron of Perognathus penicillatus.

A micropuncture study of Perognathus penicillatus, a small rodent native to the deserts of the southwestern United States was performed to evaluate the function of the superficial nephron. Data are reported for 12 animals of 17 g average body wt. Mean glomerular filtration rate was 475 +/- 73 microliter X min-1 X g kidney wt-1.

Immunochemical LD1 assay for myocardial infarction.

The diagnostic efficiency of an immunochemical assay for LD1 (I-LD1) was compared with an electrophoretic procedure for this isoenzyme (E-LD1) in 100 consecutive patients hospitalized for a clinical suspicion of acute myocardial infarction (MI). All patients were investigated with a standard protocol including serial determinations of total creatine kinase (CK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LD) activities, CK and LD isoenzymes, and electrocardiograms. Thirty-two patients were diagnosed to have acute MI on the bases of positive CK-MB or EKG or both.

Stimulation of avian renal phosphate secretion by parathyroid hormone.

Phosphate buffers (ammonium, sodium, potassium, and calcium phosphate, pH 5.5, 7.2, 8.