Updates in the Surgical Management of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Surgical management of pancreas cancer is complex, including the timing of surgery, surgical approach, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative management, which are reviewed in detail in this manuscript. Ultimately, referral to a high-volume pancreatic surgeon or pancreatic surgery center is critical to ensuring appropriate short-term and long-term outcomes.

Identification of key factors for malnutrition diagnosis in chronic gastrointestinal diseases using machine learning underscores the importance of GLIM criteria as well as additional parameters.

Introduction: Disease-related malnutrition is common but often underdiagnosed in patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, short bowel and intestinal insufficiency, and chronic pancreatitis. To improve malnutrition diagnosis in these patients, an evaluation of the current Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic criteria, and possibly the implementation of additional criteria, is needed.

Aim: This study aimed to identify previously unknown and potentially specific features of malnutrition in patients with different chronic gastrointestinal diseases and to validate the relevance of the GLIM criteria for clinical practice using machine learning (ML).

Antimicrobial Biomaterials Based on Physical and Physicochemical Action.

Developing effective antimicrobial biomaterials is a relevant and fast-growing field in advanced healthcare materials. Several well-known (e.g.

Adjuvant Therapy Use for Patients With Inadequately Resected T1b-T3 Gallbladder Cancer.

Introduction: Up to 90% of patients undergo inadequate resection for incidentally diagnosed T1b-T3 gallbladder cancer (GBC). We evaluated whether adjuvant therapies (ATs) are associated with prolonged overall survival (OS) for patients undergoing inadequate resection of T1b-T3 GBC.

Methods: Patients who underwent inadequate resection, defined as simple cholecystectomy, for T1b-T3, Nx-N2, and M0 GBC were identified from the National Cancer Database (2004-2016).

Temperature-responsive bioactive glass/polymer hybrids allow for tailoring of ion release.

Intelligent biomaterials react to their surrounding conditions, and hybrid materials are acknowledged for their remarkable customizability, achieved through the meticulous control of nanoscale interactions between organic and inorganic phases. Bioactive glasses (BG) are used clinically to regenerate bone due to their degradability, ion release, and capacity to stimulate the formation of new body tissue. In our study, we developed a core-shell hybrid system using sol-gel derived BG nano particles as the core and poly (-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) as the shell.

TEMPUS-A microgravity electromagnetic levitation facility for parabolic flights.

During the ∼22 s lasting free fall phase in an aircraft flying a parabola, the aboard installed electromagnetic levitation facility "TEMPUS" is used to investigate contactless and undisturbed of gravity induced convection thermophysical properties and microstructure formations of hot and highly reactive metal or semiconductor melts. The completely contactless handling and measurement of a liquid by the levitation technique keeps the melt free of contamination and enables the extension of the accessible sample temperature range far into the undercooled liquid state below the melting point. Additionally, the state of reduced weight during parabolic flights allows us to considerably decrease the strongly disturbing electromagnetic levitation forces acting in ground-based facilities on the suspended liquids.

Dispersion, ionic bonding and vibrational shifts in phospho-aluminosilicate glasses.

Understanding the relationships between structure and properties of aluminosilicate glasses is of interest in magmatic studies as well as for glass applications as mechanical or optical components. Glass properties may be tailored by the incorporation of additional elements, and here we studied the effect of phosphate incorporation on refractive index and the degree of ionic bonding in aluminosilicate glasses. The studied glasses in the system SiO-AlO-NaO-PO had a metaluminous composition (Al:Na = 1) with the content of SiO ranging from 50 to 70 mol% and of PO from 0 to 7.

Requirements for efficient endosomal escape by designed mini-proteins.

ZF5.3 is a compact, rationally designed mini-protein that escapes efficiently from the endosomes of multiple cell types. Despite its small size (27 amino acids), ZF5.

Bioactive glass-ceramics containing fluorapatite, xonotlite, cuspidine and wollastonite form apatite faster than their corresponding glasses.

Crystallisation of bioactive glasses has been claimed to negatively affect the ion release from bioactive glasses. Here, we compare ion release and mineralisation in Tris-HCl buffer solution for a series of glass-ceramics and their parent glasses in the system SiO-CaO-PO-CaF. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction analysis of glass-ceramic degradation, including quantification of crystal fractions by full pattern refinement, show that the glass-ceramics precipitated apatite faster than the corresponding glasses, in agreement with faster ion release from the glass-ceramics.

Modular air-liquid interface aerosol exposure system (MALIES) to study toxicity of nanoparticle aerosols in 3D-cultured A549 cells in vitro.

We present a novel lung aerosol exposure system named MALIES (modular air-liquid interface exposure system), which allows three-dimensional cultivation of lung epithelial cells in alveolar-like scaffolds (MatriGrids) and exposure to nanoparticle aerosols. MALIES consists of multiple modular units for aerosol generation, and can be rapidly assembled and commissioned. The MALIES system was proven for its ability to reliably produce a dose-dependent toxicity in A549 cells using CuSO aerosol.

Establishing Regionalized Acute Care Across a Health Care System to Decentralize Postoperative Care After Oncologic Surgery.

Purpose: Patients undergoing oncologic surgery at major referral centers frequently experience postdischarge care fragmentation, which has been associated with poor outcomes. This report describes and evaluates the outcomes of an intervention at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) to decentralize postdischarge postoperative acute care within our health care system.

Methods: In 2018, MSKCC completed the addition of six regional acute care clinics called symptom care clinics (SCCs) to existing regional outpatient clinics.

Omission of axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer patients with three or more positive sentinel lymph nodes.

Purpose: The ACOSOG Z0011 (Z11) trial assessed the benefit of axillary dissection (ALND) for breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases; however, Z11 excluded patients with ≥ 3 positive SLNs. We analyzed trends in ALND omission in patients with ≥ 3 positive SLNs.

Methods: Women with ≥ 3 positive SLNs who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy between 2018 and 2020 in the National Cancer Database were included using SLN codes initiated in 2018.

A Review of Resection and Surgical Ablation for Primary and Secondary Liver Cancers.

The surgical management of primary and secondary liver tumors is constantly evolving. Patient selection, particularly with regard to determining resectability, is vital to the success of programs directed toward invasive treatments of liver tumors. Particular attention should be paid toward determining whether patients are best served with surgical resection or ablative therapies.

Lithiated porous silicon nanowires stimulate periodontal regeneration.

Periodontal disease is a significant burden for oral health, causing progressive and irreversible damage to the support structure of the tooth. This complex structure, the periodontium, is composed of interconnected soft and mineralised tissues, posing a challenge for regenerative approaches. Materials combining silicon and lithium are widely studied in periodontal regeneration, as they stimulate bone repair via silicic acid release while providing regenerative stimuli through lithium activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Prognostic impact of measurable residual clonal hematopoiesis in acute myeloid leukemia patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

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Feasibility of laparoscopic microwave ablation of caudate tumors: a case series.

Microwave ablation of liver tumors allows preservation of liver parenchyma with good oncologic outcomes. However, ablation of tumors in the caudate lobe is particularly challenging. Adjacent critical anatomy, particularly the biliary hilum, has led to caudate location being considered a relative contraindication to ablation.

The structural role and coordination environment of cobalt in 45PO-CaO-NaO phosphate glasses: thermal properties and Raman, UV-vis-NIR, and EPR spectroscopy.

Cobalt-containing materials are of interest for a wide range of applications, from biomaterials to solid-state lasers in optics. For instance, Co is known to trigger the formation of new blood vessels, angiogenesis. Here, the use of phosphate glasses as a vehicle for local release of Co ions is an attractive strategy to overcome the vascularisation limitation in tissue engineering.

Clinical Implications of the -ITD Allelic Ratio in Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Context of an Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Although the presence of -ITD, as well as levels of the -ITD allelic ratio, have been described as prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), little is known about how the -ITD allelic ratio impacts patients' outcomes when receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We analyzed 118 patients (median age at diagnosis 58.3, range 14.

A Pilot Graduate Student-Led Near-Peer Mentorship Program for Transfer Students Provides a Supportive Network at an R1 Institution.

The undergraduate transfer process has well-documented challenges, especially for those who identify with groups historically excluded from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs. Because transfer students gain later access to university networking and research opportunities than first-time-in-college students, transfer students interested in pursuing postbaccalaureate degrees in chemistry have a significantly shortened timeline in which to conduct research, a crucial component in graduate school applications. Mentorship programs have previously been instituted as effective platforms for the transfer of community cultural wealth within large institutions.

Prognostic impact of the AML ELN2022 risk classification in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

For most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers the highest chance of cure. Recently, the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) published updated recommendations on the diagnosis and risk classification in AML based on genetic factors at diagnosis as well as a dynamic adjustment (reclassification) according to the measurable residual disease (MRD) status for the favorable and intermediate risk groups. Validation of the ELN2022 risk classification has not been reported.

investigation of molecular networks linking gastrointestinal diseases, malnutrition, and sarcopenia.

Malnutrition (MN) is a common primary or secondary complication in gastrointestinal diseases. The patient's nutritional status also influences muscle mass and function, which can be impaired up to the degree of sarcopenia. The molecular interactions in diseases leading to sarcopenia are complex and multifaceted, affecting muscle physiology, the intestine (nutrition), and the liver at different levels.