Dynamic permittivity of confined water under a static background field.

Molecular and collective reorientations in interfacial water are by-and-large decelerated near surfaces subjected to outgoing electric fields (pointing from surface to liquid, i.e., when the surface carries positive charge).

Nuanced HEXACO: A Meta-Analysis of HEXACO Cross-Rater Agreement, Heritability, and Rank-Order Stability.

Most Five-Factor Model (FFM) questionnaire items contain unique variance that is partly heritable, stable, and consensually observable, demonstrates consistent associations with age and sex, and predicts life outcomes beyond higher order factors. Extending these findings to the HEXACO model, we meta-analyzed single-item cross-rater agreement, heritability, and 2-year stability using samples from six countries. We analyzed raw item scores and their residual variance and adjusted the estimates for measurement unreliability.

Reversible Surface Energy Storage in Molecular-Scale Porous Materials.

Forcible wetting of hydrophobic pores represents a viable method for energy storage in the form of interfacial energy. The energy used to fill the pores can be recovered as pressure-volume work upon decompression. For efficient recovery, the expulsion pressure should not be significantly lower than the pressure required for infiltration.

Polarity-dependence of the nonlinear dielectric response in interfacial water.

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the nonlinear dielectric responses of a confined aqueous film in a planar nanopore under perpendicular electric fields at varied voltages between confining graphene sheets. Dielectric saturation reminiscent of the bulk phase behavior is prevalent at very strong fields, whereas we observe a nonmonotonic permittivity dependence on the electric field at intermediate strengths where field-alignment and spontaneous polarization of interfacial water are of comparable magnitude. The coupling between the two effects results in distinct dielectric responses at opposite confinement walls.

On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe.

Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question-the focus of the present study-is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence.

Correction: Reversible electrowetting transitions on superhydrophobic surfaces.

Correction for 'Reversible electrowetting transitions on superhydrophobic surfaces' by D. Vanzo , , 2021, , 27005-27013, DOI:10.1039/D1CP04220C.

Reversible electrowetting transitions on superhydrophobic surfaces.

An electric field applied across the interface has been shown to enable transitions from the Cassie to the Wenzel state on superhydrophobic surfaces with miniature corrugations. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations manifest the possibility of reversible cycling between the two states when narrow surface wells support spontaneous expulsion of water in the absence of the field. With approximately 1 nm sized wells between the surface asperities, the response times to changes in the electric field are of O(0.

Concept of indecisiveness within the HEXACO personality framework.

Background: Decision making is one of the basic human activities. Indecisiveness, i.e.

Twins Assessing Their Own and Parental Intelligence: Examining the Raters' Agreement and the Effect of Raters' and Targets' Gender.

The goal of this study was to explore the raters' agreement and the effect of raters' and targets' gender on self- and parental intelligence assessments in the sample of Croatian twins. Twins were asked to assess their own and their parents' overall intelligence, as well as specific abilities from the Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Data was analysed to explore: i) twins' agreement in parental assessments and behavioural genetic analysis of the overall intelligence estimates; ii) gender differences in self- assessments; and iii) raters' and targets' gender effects on parental assessments.

How genetic and environmental variance in personality traits shift across the life span: Evidence from a cross-national twin study.

Decades of research have shown that about half of individual differences in personality traits is heritable. Recent studies have reported that heritability is not fixed, but instead decreases across the life span. However, findings are inconsistent and it is yet unclear whether these trends are because of a waning importance of heritable tendencies, attributable to cumulative experiential influences with age, or because of nonlinear patterns suggesting Gene × Environment interplay.

Solvent-Solvent Correlations across Graphene: The Effect of Image Charges.

Wetting experiments show graphene to be weakly hydrophilic, but its contact angle (CA) also reflects the character of the supporting material. Measurements and molecular dynamics simulations on suspended and supported graphene often reveal a CA reduction due to the presence of the supporting substrate. A similar reduction is consistently observed when graphene is from both sides.

Molecular polarizability in open ensemble simulations of aqueous nanoconfinements under electric field.

Molecular polarization at aqueous interfaces involves fast degrees of freedom that are often averaged-out in atomistic-modeling approaches. The resulting effective interactions depend on a specific environment, making explicit account of molecular polarizability particularly important in solutions with pronounced anisotropic perturbations, including solid/liquid interfaces and external fields. Our work concerns polarizability effects in nanoscale confinements under electric field, open to an unperturbed bulk environment.

Anisotropic structure and dynamics of water under static electric fields.

We study the structure and dynamics of water subject to a range of static external electric fields, using molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, we monitor the changes in hydrogen bond kinetics, reorientation dynamics, and translational motions of water molecules. We find that water molecules translate and rotate slower in electric fields because the tendency to reinstate the aligned orientation reduces the probability of finding a new hydrogen bond partner and hence increases the probability of reforming already ruptured bonds.

Electrokinetic flow of an aqueous electrolyte in amorphous silica nanotubes.

We study the pressure-driven flow of aqueous NaCl in amorphous silica nanotubes using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations featuring both polarizable and non-polarizable molecular models. Different pressures, electrolyte concentrations and pore sizes are examined. Our results indicate a flow that deviates considerably from the predictions of Poiseuille fluid mechanics.

Dynamical insights into the mechanism of a droplet detachment from a fiber.

Quantifying the detachment behavior of a droplet from a fiber is important in many applications such as fog harvesting, oil-water separation, or water management in fuel cells. When the droplets are forcibly removed from hydrophilic fibers, the ease of detachment strongly depends on droplet volume and the rate of the process controlled by the applied force. Experiments, conducted on a ferrofluid under magnetic force, as well as continuum level calculations from fluid mechanics have so far been unable to resolve the time-dependent dynamics of droplet detachment and, most importantly, to assess the role of the applied force as the key determinant of the volume of the droplet residue remaining on the fiber after detachment.

Curvature dependence of the effect of ionic functionalization on the attraction among nanoparticles in dispersion.

Solubilization of nanoparticles facilitates nanomaterial processing and enables new applications. An effective method to improve dispersibility in water is provided by ionic functionalization. We explore how the necessary extent of functionalization depends on the particle geometry.

Extent of Surface Force Additivity on Chemically Heterogeneous Substrates at Varied Orientations.

Surface interactions between chemically mixed surfaces, as well as those among dissolved biomolecules, comprise distinct contributions from polar and hydrophobic moieties. These contributions are often context dependent. Approximate compliance to the Cassie additivity equation for the wetting free energies on mixed surfaces in water is, however, indicative of similarly additive forces between individual surface elements, suggesting a quadratic interpolation model for total force from the forces between pure surfaces.

Dynamic Response in Nanoelectrowetting on a Dielectric.

Droplet spreading at an applied voltage underlies the function of tunable optical devices including adjustable lenses and matrix display elements. Faster response and the enhanced resolution motivate research toward miniaturization of these devices to nanoscale dimensions. The response of an aqueous nanodroplet to an applied field can differ significantly from macroscopic predictions.

Universal Repulsive Contribution to the Solvent-Induced Interaction Between Sizable, Curved Hydrophobes.

In addition to the direct attraction, sizable hydrophobes in water experience an attractive force mediated by interfacial water. Using simple geometric arguments, we identify the conditions at which the water-induced interaction between curved hydrocarbon surfaces becomes repulsive. The repulsive contribution arises from the thermodynamic penalty due to the emergence of the liquid/vapor boundary created as water gets expelled between curved hydrophobes.

Is there a genetic correlation between general factors of intelligence and personality?

We tested a hypothesis that there is no genetic correlation between general factors of intelligence and personality, despite both having been selected for in human evolution. This was done using twin samples from Australia, the United States, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Croatia, comprising altogether 1,748 monozygotic and 1,329 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs. Although parameters in the model-fitting differed among the twin samples, the genetic correlation between the two general factors could be set to zero, with a better fit if the U.

Heritability of personality: A meta-analysis of behavior genetic studies.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematize available findings in the field of personality heritability and test for possible moderator effects of study design, type of personality model, and gender on heritability estimates. Study eligibility criteria were: personality model, behavior genetic study design, self-reported data, essential statistical indicators, and independent samples. A total of 134 primary studies with 190 potentially independent effect sizes were identified.

Electrolyte pore/solution partitioning by expanded grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulation.

Using a newly developed grand canonical Monte Carlo approach based on fractional exchanges of dissolved ions and water molecules, we studied equilibrium partitioning of both components between laterally extended apolar confinements and surrounding electrolyte solution. Accurate calculations of the Hamiltonian and tensorial pressure components at anisotropic conditions in the pore required the development of a novel algorithm for a self-consistent correction of nonelectrostatic cut-off effects. At pore widths above the kinetic threshold to capillary evaporation, the molality of the salt inside the confinement grows in parallel with that of the bulk phase, but presents a nonuniform width-dependence, being depleted at some and elevated at other separations.

The emergence of sex differences in personality traits in early adolescence: A cross-sectional, cross-cultural study.

Although large international studies have found consistent patterns of sex differences in personality traits among adults (i.e., women scoring higher on most facets), less is known about cross-cultural sex differences in adolescent personality and the role of culture and age in shaping them.

Wetting transparency of graphene in water.

Measurements of contact angle on graphene sheets show a notable dependence on the nature of the underlying substrate, a phenomenon termed wetting transparency. Our molecular modeling studies reveal analogous transparency in case of submerged graphene fragments in water. A combined effect of attractive dispersion forces, angle correlations between aqueous dipoles, and repulsion due to the hydrogen-bond-induced orientation bias in polarized hydration layers acting across graphene sheet, enhances apparent adhesion of water to graphene.

Dynamic Control of Nanopore Wetting in Water and Saline Solutions under an Electric Field.

Field-induced nanopore wetting by aqueous solutions, including electrolytes, provides opportunities for a variety of applications. Conflicting porosity requirements have so far precluded direct implementations of a two-way control: the pores have to be sufficiently wide to allow water infiltration at experimentally relevant voltages but should not exceed the kinetic threshold for spontaneous expulsion in the absence of the field. Applicable widths are restricted below a few nanometers.