Situational and Victim Correlates of Increased Case Fatality Rates in Los Angeles Shootings, 2005-2021.

The gun assault case fatality rate measures the fraction of shooting victims who die from their wounds. Considerable debate has surrounded whether gun assault case fatality rates have changed over time and what factors may be involved. We use crime event data from Los Angeles to examine the victim and situational correlates of gun assault case fatality rates over time.

Changes in public-police cooperation following the murder of George Floyd.

The murder of George Floyd triggered a broad social response and noticeable shift in public opinion of policing. Since policing is dependent upon public cooperation, a question is whether the shift in opinion had an effect on police calls-for-service. Data from Los Angeles and New York City are evaluated using a regression discontinuity design.

Association between race, shooting hot spots, and the surge in gun violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia, New York and Los Angeles.

Gun violence rates increased in U.S. cities in 2020 and into 2021.

Assessment of Case Fatality Rates and Overall Prevalence of Firearm Violence in California, 2005-2019.

This case series uses state hospitalization and death records to examine trends in rates of gun homicides and other rates of firearm violence in California between 2005 and 2019.

Impact of social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic on crime in Los Angeles and Indianapolis.

Governments have implemented social distancing measures to address the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The measures include instructions that individuals maintain social distance when in public, school closures, limitations on gatherings and business operations, and instructions to remain at home. Social distancing may have an impact on the volume and distribution of crime.

Crime Seasonality: Examining the Temporal Fluctuations of Property Crime in Cities With Varying Climates.

This study investigates whether crime patterns fluctuate periodically throughout the year using data containing different property crime types in two Canadian cities with differing climates. Using police report data, a series of ordinary least squares (OLS; Vancouver, British Columbia) and negative binomial (Ottawa, Ontario) regressions were employed to examine the corresponding temporal patterns of property crime in Vancouver (2003-2013) and Ottawa (2006-2008). Moreover, both aggregate and disaggregate models were run to examine whether different weather and temporal variables had a distinctive impact on particular offences.

Non-local crime density estimation incorporating housing information.

Given a discrete sample of event locations, we wish to produce a probability density that models the relative probability of events occurring in a spatial domain. Standard density estimation techniques do not incorporate priors informed by spatial data. Such methods can result in assigning significant positive probability to locations where events cannot realistically occur.

Cooperation and punishment in an adversarial game: how defectors pave the way to a peaceful society.

The evolution of human cooperation has been the subject of much research, especially within the framework of evolutionary public goods games, where several mechanisms have been proposed to account for persistent cooperation. Yet, in addressing this issue, little attention has been given to games of a more adversarial nature, in which defecting players, rather than simply free riding, actively seek to harm others. Here, we develop an adversarial evolutionary game using the specific example of criminal activity, recasting the familiar public goods strategies of punishers, cooperators, and defectors in this light.

Dissipation and displacement of hotspots in reaction-diffusion models of crime.

The mechanisms driving the nucleation, spread, and dissipation of crime hotspots are poorly understood. As a consequence, the ability of law enforcement agencies to use mapped crime patterns to design crime prevention strategies is severely hampered. We also lack robust expectations about how different policing interventions should impact crime.

Global archaeological evidence for proboscidean overkill.

One million years ago, proboscideans occupied most of Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Today, wild elephants are only found in portions of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Although the causes of global Pleistocene extinctions in the order Proboscidea remain unresolved, the most common explanations involve climatic change and/or human hunting.

Depression in general practice: a comparison of flupenthixol dihydrochloride and dothiepin hydrochloride.

A single-blind, parallel group, general practice study was carried out in 153 patients with mild to moderate depression to compare the efficacy and tolerability of flupenthixol dihydrochloride and dothiepin hydrochloride. Patients were allocated at random to receive single daily doses of either 1 mg flupenthixol in the morning or 75 mg dothiepin in the evening, and this dose could be doubled at the end of 2 weeks in the event of inadequate response. Assessments were made on entry and after 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, a 4-point severity scale and an unwanted symptoms checklist.

A comparison of alprazolam with amitriptyline in the treatment of patients with neurotic or reactive depression. A report of a randomised, double blind study by a General Practitioner Working Party.

104 patients suffering from neurotic or reactive depression were treated with either alprazolam or amitriptyline in randomised, double-blind fashion. Seventeen patients were either lost to follow-up or withdrawn before week 2 (13 due to side effects and 1 because she was feeling better). A further 7 patients did not comply with the protocol, giving a total of 24 patients whose data were not considered suitable for inclusion in the analysis of therapeutic assessments.