Regression mixture models are one increasingly utilized approach for developing theories about and exploring the heterogeneity of effects. In this study we aimed to extend the current use of regression mixtures to a repeated regression mixture method when repeated measures, such as diary-type and experience-sampling method, data are available. We hypothesized that additional information borrowed from the repeated measures would improve the model performance, in terms of class enumeration and accuracy of the parameter estimates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To identify factors that most saliently characterize the profile of individuals who complain of chronic insomnia, with or without quantitative sleep impairment.
Design: Community-dwelling adults reported on their demographics and functioning via questionnaires and completed 2 weeks of sleep diaries.
Setting: Shelby County in the Memphis, TN, area.
Objective: Insomnia identity refers to the conviction that one has insomnia, which can occur independently of poor sleep. Night-to-night variability in sleep (termed intraindividual variability [IIV]) may contribute to insomnia identity yet remain undetected via conventional mean analyses. This study compared sleep IIV across four subgroups: noncomplaining good sleepers (NG), complaining poor sleepers (CP), complaining good sleepers (CG), and noncomplaining poor sleepers (NP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci
January 2015
Objectives: Illustrate the importance of examining within- and between-person differences in sleep across the adult age span.
Method: Two weeks of sleep diary data were analyzed for 592 normal sleepers ranging in age from 20 to 96 years. Variability in total sleep time (TST), number of nighttime awakenings (NWAK), sleep-onset latency (SOL), and wake-time after sleep onset (WASO) were examined overall and by age, sex, and race utilizing multilevel models and multiple regression.
This study investigated the epidemiology of bedtime (BT), arising time (AT), and time in bed (TIB) as a function of age, gender, and ethnicity. Sleep diary data were analyzed for 746 randomly selected community participants. This sample was comprised of 364 men (48.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe present study determined which self-reported sleep variables and daytime impairment measures are most closely associated with sleep quality ratings (SQR) in men and women with insomnia. The participants were 137 people with insomnia, 56 men and 81 women. Multiple regression found that for men, sleep efficiency best predicted SQR, explaining 26.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The relationship between reports of insomnia and daytime functioning was investigated using hierarchical regression. The presence or absence of a report of insomnia was the predictor of primary interest. A number of covariates were included in the model: demographic variables, health variables, and quantitative sleep parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSleep, demographics, health, and daytime functioning were examined in young old (60-74 years; n = 175) and old old (75-98 years; n = 147) community-dwelling seniors. Sleep diaries (2 weeks), 6 daytime functioning measures, and a demographics-health questionnaire were collected. The old old reported worse sleep than the young old.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy Objective: We analyzed archival data from an epidemiology study to test the association between vitamin use and sleep.
Design: Random digit dialing was used to recruit 772 people ranging in age from 20 to 98 for a study of people's sleep experience. These individuals completed a set of questionnaires about their sleep, health, and daytime functioning.
Study Objectives: Determine the comorbidity of insomnia with medical problems.
Design: Cross-sectional and retrospective.
Participants: Community-based population of 772 men and women, aged 20 to 98 years old.
Study Objectives: Common sleep hygiene practices were examined in 2 community-based samples of older adults to determine which practices differentiated 4 sleep subgroups: noncomplainers without insomnia symptoms, complainers without insomnia symptoms, noncomplainers with insomnia symptoms, and complainers with insomnia symptoms.
Design: Two weeks of sleep diaries provided napping and bed/out-of-bed time variability data. A retrospective questionnaire provided data on caffeine, cigarette, and alcohol usage.
Background And Purpose: This study explored the distribution of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores in a randomly sampled, community population and provided percentile scores that will assist in decision-making in both research and clinical settings.
Patients And Methods: Participants included 703 individuals between the ages of 20 and 98, with 116 people with insomnia (PWI) and 587 people not having insomnia (PNI). Analyses produced main effects for sleep status and ethnicity.
This investigation compared the likelihood of insomnia and insomnia-related health consequences among individuals of different socioeconomic status. A random-digit dialing procedure was used to recruit at least 50 men and 50 women in each age decade from 20 to 80+ years old. Participants completed 2 weeks of sleep diaries as well as questionnaires related to fatigue, sleepiness, and psychological distress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe relation between smoking and sleep was examined in a randomly selected sample of 769 individuals (379 men and 390 women, ages 20 to 98). Participants completed 2 weeks of sleep diaries, provided a global report on their sleep, indicated the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and supplied information on health, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and caffeine and alcohol use. After controlling for demographic, health, psychological, and behavioral variables, light smoking (< 15 cigarettes per day), but not heavier smoking, was associated with self-reported chronic insomnia and reduced sleep diary total sleep time and time in bed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA sample of 372 adolescents completed annual surveys regarding their initial reactions to smoking (IRTS) and their current smoking status. Each annual survey asked participants if they had the following five reactions the first time they smoked a cigarette: coughing, or feeling dizzy, sick, high, or relaxed. Time 1 IRTS data were collected within 1 year of the reported initial smoking experience, and Time 2 IRTS data were collected 1 year later.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResults from the present review challenge the assumption that daytime functioning deficits are associated with insomnia. Objectively-measured daytime sleepiness is not elevated in people with insomnia, and most cognitive/psychomotor tasks do not indicate deficits in people with insomnia. In contrast, a number of studies have found that people with insomnia self-report daytime symptoms such as elevated fatigue, mood disturbance and reduced quality of life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmoking withdrawal effect information was collected from 75 adolescents (54 males and 21 females) making a quit attempt during a school-based smoking cessation program. A strong need to smoke was the most common withdrawal effect (60%), followed by irritability (51%), and difficulty concentrating (41%). Most (61%) participants experienced two or more withdrawal effects during the quit attempt, and withdrawal effects were evident in those smoking less than daily.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Sleep, psychological adjustment, health and insomnia complaints were examined in 277 community-dwelling seniors in order to identify characteristics that distinguish poor sleepers with complaints (likely to seek treatment) and those without complaints (unlikely to seek treatment).
Methods: Two weeks of sleep diaries and other sleep-related measures were collected. Young old (65-74 years) and old old (75+) participants were categorized as: good sleepers, poor sleepers with complaints (complainers), and poor sleepers without complaints (noncomplainers).
A potential method of recruiting adolescents for smoking cessation interventions is to offer treatment to students who have been caught with cigarettes at school. The present investigation surveyed 110 adolescents after they were caught with cigarettes at school. The majority of participants were daily smokers (65%) and 17% of the sample scored > or =6 on a version of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA sample of 120 adolescent smokers (80 males, 40 females), most of whom were referred by school personnel after being caught with cigarettes at school (n=113), reported motivations for making a quit attempt during a smoking cessation project. Most students (n=76) were randomly assigned to a four session cessation program that included discussion of a number of motivational topics, and the remaining students were assigned to a self-help control group that received a pamphlet recommending strategies for quitting. Reported motivations for quitting did not differ significantly across the two treatment conditions.
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