A knock-on deuteron imager for measurements of fuel and hotspot asymmetry in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions (invited).

A knock-on deuteron imager (KoDI) has been implemented to measure the fuel and hotspot asymmetry of cryogenic inertial confinement fusion implosions on OMEGA. Energetic neutrons produced by D-T fusion elastically scatter ("knock on") deuterons from the fuel layer with a probability that depends on ρR. Deuterons above 10 MeV are produced by near-forward scattering, and imaging them is equivalent to time-integrated neutron imaging of the hotspot.

A Meta-Analysis of Palatal Repair Timing.

Developing midface hypoplasia is common after palatoplasty and has been hypothesized to be influenced by the timing of hard palate repair. This meta-analysis assesses the risk of developing midface hypoplasia based on age at hard palate repair. A Pubmed PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis was completed for literature focused on palatoplasty and midface hypoplasia published between 1970 and 2019.

The television, school, and family smoking prevention and cessation project. VIII. Student outcomes and mediating variables.

Background: This paper presents the student outcomes of a large-scale, social-influences-based, school and media-based tobacco use prevention and cessation project in Southern California.

Methods: The study provided an experimental comparison of classroom delivery with television delivery and the combination of the two in a 2 x 2 plus 1 design. Schools were randomly assigned to conditions.

Relations of coping effort, coping strategies, perceived stress, and cigarette smoking among adolescents.

Coping strategies may influence adolescent smoking behaviour because they provide alternative behavioral and cognitive outlets which facilitate or inhibit smoking, or because they are expressions of general coping effort to smoke or not smoke. The present investigation examined three possibilities regarding how coping strategies versus coping effort compare as predictors of adolescent smoking: (1) general coping effort to not smoke may be a better predictor of adolescent smoking behaviors than are specific coping strategies; (2) coping strategies may be relatively better predictors of smoking behaviors; or (3) these two constructs may be relatively better predictors of different parameters of smoking behavior. Analytic strategies included calculation of a series of multiple regression models, involving (a) 11 coping strategies previously studied in adolescent smoking research, (b) a new simple measure of coping effort to not smoke, and (c) perceived stress, as concurrent predictors of four smoking-related items.

Characteristics of eighth-grade students who initiate self-care in elementary and junior high school.

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether children who care for themselves for longer periods of time are at increased risk of poor grades, truancy, anger, family conflict, stress, risk-taking, and peer influences (in addition to the increased risk of substance use previously reported). Demographic characteristics of eighth-grade students who initiate self-care in junior high school are compared with those initiating self-care in elementary school. Further, increased risks for those initiating self-care in elementary school are examined.

Substance use among eighth-grade students who take care of themselves after school.

This investigation focused on substance use among children who regularly care for themselves after school (latchkey children). The data, collected from 4932 eighth-grade students, indicated that self-care is an important risk factor for alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. Data collected from 2185 parents validated these findings.

The television, school, and family project. V. The impact of curriculum delivery format on program acceptance.

Social psychological interventions have been successful in preventing drug and tobacco use in adolescents, but target audience involvement has not been well documented. Examination of program acceptance is necessary to avoid ambiguity when interpreting findings within and across studies. This report presents results from a program acceptance study of a seventh-grade smoking/drug-use prevention and cessation field trial.

The power of policy: the relationship of smoking policy to adolescent smoking.

This study examined the effects of smoking policy on 4,807 adolescents in 23 schools over a two-county area in California. Amounts and prevalence rates of adolescent smoking were measured with a self-report survey and a biochemical measure; school smoking policy was measured with two independent surveys of school staff. Policy effects were evaluated with multiple and logistic regression analyses controlling for school-level socioeconomic status and environmental support for teaching and administration.

Joiners and non-joiners in worksite smoking treatment: pretreatment smoking, smoking by significant others, and expectation to quit as predictors.

Treatment joiners were differentiated from non-joiners when examined across six worksite clinic locations in the Los Angeles area. Predictors examined included preprogram smoking, demographic variables, smoking by significant others, behavioral expectations to quit, and self-efficacy regarding completing treatment and resisting urges to smoke. Non-joiners reported higher preprogram smoking levels and more friends and children who smoked.

The television, school and family smoking prevention/cessation project. IV. Controlling for program success expectancies across experimental and control conditions.

A major issue in smoking prevention research is that no study has tried to equate program success expectancies across experimental and placebo control conditions. Equivalent overall program success expectancies should be established to help rule out the effects of extra-theoretical variables which influence program outcomes. The present study tested whether an attention-placebo (information based) smoking prevention program would produce equivalent expectancies about the likelihood of program success in comparison to an experimental social influences program.

The television school and family smoking prevention and cessation project. 1. Theoretical basis and program development.

Program development processes for the Television, School, and Family Project, a school-based smoking prevention and cessation project, are presented in this article. We first review applications of social-psychological and communications theory to school-based and mass media program development. These include the three broad areas of (a) mediators of mass media effects on behavior change, (b) the social influences approach to smoking prevention, and (c) a self-management and social support approach to smoking cessation.

Skin cancer/melanoma public and professional education in Hawaii: an integrated approach to technology transfer.

The CCPH skin cancer/melanoma education components which have been implemented to date have had an impact on the public and professional target audiences. The comic book/TV/radio media campaign, conducted during the summer months of 1981, appears to have raised public skin cancer/melanoma knowledge levels and positively affected behavior. Results of the physician training sessions also suggest immediate posttraining gains.