Exploring the Practical Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, and Machine Learning in Maxillofacial Surgery: A Comprehensive Analysis of Published Works.

Artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), and machine learning (ML) are computer, machine, and engineering systems that mimic human intelligence to devise procedures. These technologies also provide opportunities to advance diagnostics and planning in human medicine and dentistry. The purpose of this literature review was to ascertain the applicability and significance of AI and to highlight its uses in maxillofacial surgery.

Dental Age Assessment Based on Developmental Stages and Maturity Index of Third Molars for Medico-Legal Purposes.

As results may vary depending on the method of examination, this paper analyzes methods of age estimation based on the maturation index of third molars (I) and Kohler's developmental stages in living individuals. A total of 1475 orthopantomograms were analyzed. The results showed that the development of third molars tended to be more advanced in males than in females.

Advantages of virtual planning in reconstructive surgery of bone defects in the maxillofacial region.

Objectives: Our analysis focuses on the advantages of virtual surgical planning (VSP) compared to a conventional treatment method as well as on a wider range of parameters influencing the surgical procedure, postoperative care, morbidity and lastly, the survival rate of these patients.

Background: Patients with extensive bone defects of different etiologies of the upper or lower jaw who underwent complex reconstructive surgery with a free fibula flap (FFF).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from a total of 34 patients (12 female and 22 male) whose defects were reconstructed with an osteomyocutaneus FFF.

Near infrared spectroscopy in monitoring of head and neck microvascular free flaps.

Objectives: Microvascular free‑flap monitoring is crucial to the early detection of flap failure and increases the chance of early intervention in case of disruption of perfusion to a flap. Many clinical alternatives to classical clinical flap monitoring have been proposed, such as color duplex ultrasonography, handheld Doppler, flap thermometry, or implantable Doppler flowmetry. Early detection of critical changes in tissue oxygenation can lead to successful surgical intervention when problems with flap nutrition arise.

Dental Care and Education Facing Highly Transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Prospective Biosafety Setting: Prospective, Single-Arm, Single-Center Study.

With the arrival of the highly transmissible Omicron variants (BA.4 and BA.5), dentistry faces another seasonal challenge to preserve the biosafety of dental care and education.

Three-dimensional navigation in maxillofacial surgery - the way to minimize surgical stress and improve accuracy in fibula free flap and Eagles syndrome surgical procedures.

Background: Surgical navigation with three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques presents two major advantages: First, from a technical aspect, it facilitates orientation in target anatomical structures resulting in improvement of the accuracy of surgery. Moreover, it shortens the time of complex surgical interventions by preparing the exact position of customized autologous grafts with fixation devices. Second, from a clinical point of view, it also lessens the impact of surgical stress to adjacent tissues by decreasing the duration of surgery.

The Syndrome of Elongated Styloid Process, the Eagle's Syndrome-From Anatomical, Evolutionary and Embryological Backgrounds to 3D Printing and Personalized Surgery Planning. Report of Five Cases.

The symptoms of Eagle's syndrome are associated with the elongated styloid process of the temporal bone or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. The first mention of pain syndrome associated with the elongated styloid process dates back to 1937, when it was described by Watt Weems Eagle. Over the last decade, experts in the field have shown a lively interest in the issue of the relationship between the elongated styloid process and various symptoms.

Intraoperative arthroscopy of the TMJ during surgical management of condylar head fractures: A preliminary report.

Purpose: The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate intraarticular soft tissues of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using intraoperative arthroscopy during open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of condylar head fractures (CHF).

Materials And Methods: 26 patients (29 joints) were diagnosed in period of 5 years (2011-2015) with CHF, 5 patients had concomitant mandibular fracture. Fractures were diagnosed on basis of conventional orthopantomogram (OPG) and computed tomography (CT).