Activities to promote empathy for patients among pharmacy learners: A scoping review.

Background: Provider empathy has been shown to be directly linked to improved patient outcomes. The objective of this scoping review of the literature was to identify and describe learning activities that promote empathy for patients among pharmacy learners.

Methods: This scoping review was conducted using the following inclusion criteria: publication in English, activities conducted in any academic pharmacy training program (professional degree program, experiential, residency, or fellowship), description of the learning activity(ies) provided, and focus on the experience of empathy/caring/compassion for patients, either human or animal.

High-level curricular integration in pharmacy schools: A systematic literature review.

Background: Pharmacy school accreditors recommend curricular integration. With today's complex health care system, there is also a need for more intentional and seamless blending, characterizing what we propose as "high-level curricular integration" (i.e.

Disseminating Comparative Effectiveness Research Through Community-based Experiential Learning.

To launch and evaluate a comparative effectiveness research education and dissemination program as part of an introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE). First- through third-year PharmD students received training on comparative effectiveness research and disseminated printed educational materials to patients in the community who they were monitoring longitudinally (n=314). Students completed an assessment and initial visit documentation form at the first visit, and a follow-up assessment and documentation form at a subsequent visit.