Economic Burden of Treatment-Resistant Depression Among Patients Hospitalized for Major Depressive Disorder in the United States.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate hospital length of stay (LOS) and cost as well as readmission risk and the associated economic burden among patients hospitalized for treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.

Methods: Adult patients with a primary hospital discharge diagnosis of major depressive disorder were identified from the Premier Hospital Database (January 1, 2012-September 30, 2015). Patients were stratified into two cohorts: those whose hospital treatment was suggestive of treatment-resistant depression and those with non-treatment-resistant depression.

Frequency of hospital readmissions for venous thromboembolism and associated hospital costs and length of stay among acute medically ill patients in the US.

This study evaluated the frequency of hospital readmissions for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the associated costs and length of stay (LOS) among acute medically ill patients in the US using a real-world claims database analysis. Patients (≥40 years of age) at risk of VTE due to hospitalization for acute medical illnesses, based on primary hospital discharge diagnosis codes, were identified from the MarketScan databases between July 1, 2011 and March 31, 2015. Patients were required to have continuous insurance enrollment in the 6 months prior to initial (index) hospitalizations (baseline period) and in the 6 months after hospital discharge (follow-up period).

Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Risk for Acutely Medically Ill Patients Stratified by Different Ages and Renal Disease Status.

The objectives of this study were to examine venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis patterns and risk for VTE events during hospitalization and in the outpatient continuum of care among patients hospitalized for acute illnesses in the United States with stratification by different age groups and renal disease status. Acutely ill hospitalized patients were identified from the MarketScan databases (January 1, 2012-June 30, 2015) and grouped by age (<65, 65-74, ≥75 years old) and whether or not they had a baseline diagnosis of renal disease, separately. Of acutely ill hospitalized patients, 60.

Influence of the duration of hospital length of stay on frequency of prophylaxis and risk for venous thromboembolism among patients hospitalized for acute medical illnesses in the USA.

Background: We evaluated whether the duration of hospital stay influences venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis patterns and VTE risk during hospitalization and post-discharge among patients hospitalized for acute illnesses in the USA.

Methods: Patients hospitalized for acute illnesses were identified from the US MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases (January 1, 2012-June 30, 2015). Patients were stratified by index hospital length of stay (LOS), with study groups with 1-3 day, 4-6 day, and ≥7 day LOSs.

Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Risk in the Inpatient and Outpatient Continuum of Care Among Hospitalized Acutely Ill Patients in the US: A Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients in the US. The objectives of this study were to examine VTE prophylaxis patterns and risk for VTE events during hospitalization and post-discharge among patients hospitalized for acute illnesses in the US.

Methods: Acutely ill hospitalized patients were identified from the MarketScan databases (January 1, 2012-June 30, 2015).

Comparison of Drug Switching and Discontinuation Rates in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the United States.

Introduction: Continuous usage of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) among nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients is essential to maintain stroke prevention. We examined switching and discontinuation rates for the three most frequently initiated DOACs in NVAF patients in the USA.

Methods: Patients who initiated apixaban, rivaroxaban, or dabigatran (index event/date) were identified from the Pharmetrics Plus claims database (Jan 1, 2013-Sep 30, 2016, includes patients with commercial and Medicare coverage) and grouped into cohorts by index DOAC.

Hospital Resource Utilization and Costs Associated With Warfarin Versus Apixaban Treatment Among Patients Hospitalized for Venous Thromboembolism in the United States.

A real-world US database analysis was conducted to evaluate the hospital resource utilization and costs of patients hospitalized for venous thromboembolism (VTE) treated with warfarin versus apixaban. Additionally, 1-month readmissions were evaluated. Of 28 612 patients with VTE identified from the Premier Hospital database (August 2014-May 2016), 91% (N = 26 088) received warfarin and 9% (N = 2524) received apixaban.

Impact of earlier versus later monitoring on disease progression and healthcare costs among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the United States.

We evaluated the impact of molecular monitoring earlier as compared to later in the course of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) on disease progression and healthcare costs in the real-world setting in the US. Patients with a diagnosis of CML were identified from the MarketScan claims databases (1 January 2006 to 30 June 2016). Multivariable regression analyses were used to control for differences in patient cohorts with earlier versus later monitoring.

Economic value of regular monitoring of response to treatment among US patients with chronic myeloid leukemia based on an economic model.

Background: Regular molecular monitoring with reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of BCR-ABL1 transcripts is associated with reduced disease progression among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Molecular monitoring assists in the timely detection of primary or secondary resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy and is a recommended practice by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. An economic model was developed to estimate the potential impact of CML monitoring vs lack of monitoring on patient healthcare costs.

Comparison of the cost-effectiveness of biologic drugs used for moderate-to-severe psoriasis treatment in the United States.

Purpose: To compare the cost-effectiveness of the newly approved biologic drug, brodalumab, with other commonly used biologics for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the United States.

Methods: An economic model was constructed in Excel to compare average costs to achieve Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75, 90 and 100 among moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients treated with biologics. Total annual costs to health plans associated with treatment with five different biologics were estimated and cost-effectiveness compared using the estimated average cost per PASI 75, PASI 90 and PASI 100.

All-Cause, Stroke/Systemic Embolism-, and Major Bleeding-Related Health-Care Costs Among Elderly Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Oral Anticoagulants.

In this study, all-cause, stroke/systemic embolism (SE)-related, and major bleeding (MB)-related health-care costs among elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) initiating treatment with different oral anticoagulants (OACs) were compared. Patients ≥65 years of age initiating OACs, including apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and warfarin, were identified from the Humana Research Database between January 1, 2013, and September 30, 2015. Propensity score matching was used to separately match the different OAC cohorts with the apixaban cohort.

The budget impact of brodalumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis on US commercial health plans.

Introduction: Brodalumab is a new biologic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2017 for the treatment of moderate-severe psoriasis. This study evaluated the impact of the introduction of brodalumab on the pharmacy budget on US commercial health plans.

Methods: An Excel-based health economic decision analytic model with a US health plan perspective was developed.

Effect of Apixaban Versus Warfarin Use on Health Care Resource Utilization and Costs Among Elderly Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: The clinical trial ARISTOTLE showed that apixaban was superior to warfarin in reducing the risks of stroke and bleeding among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Further study of the effect of apixaban versus warfarin use on health care resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs in the real-world setting is warranted, especially among elderly patients who are at higher risk of stroke and bleeding.

Objective: To compare HCRU and costs among elderly NVAF patients treated with apixaban versus warfarin in the United States.

Comparison of effectiveness and safety of treatment with apixaban vs. other oral anticoagulants among elderly nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients.

Objective: To compare the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (S/SE) and major bleeding (MB) of elderly (≥65 years of age) nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients initiating apixaban vs. rivaroxaban, dabigatran, or warfarin.

Methods: NVAF patients with Medicare Advantage coverage in the US initiating oral anticoagulants (OACs, index event) were identified from the Humana database (1 January 2013-30 September 2015) and grouped into cohorts depending on OAC initiated.

Incremental economic burden associated with major bleeding among atrial fibrillation patients treated with factor Xa inhibitors.

Objective: To evaluate healthcare resource use and costs incurred during, as well as following hospitalization for major bleeding (MB), among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients treated with factor Xa inhibitors Methods: Patients with an AF diagnosis and MB hospitalization (index event) were identified from the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases (January 1, 2011-December 31, 2014). Patients were required to have ≥1 prescription for rivaroxaban or apixaban within 3 months prior to MB hospitalization. AF patients treated with Xa inhibitors, but who did not have any diagnosis of MB during the study period were identified.

Evaluation of healthcare resource utilization and incremental economic burden of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia after disease progression to blast phase.

Aims: To evaluate healthcare resource utilization and economic burden of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progression to the blast phase.

Methods: Patients (≥ 18 years) with ≥1 inpatient or ≥2 outpatient CML diagnoses were identified from the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases (January 1, 2007-June 30, 2015). CML patients were grouped into two study cohorts, those with evidence of disease progression to the blast phase and those without.

Major bleeding risk and healthcare economic outcomes of non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients newly-initiated with oral anticoagulant therapy in the real-world setting.

Aims: This study compared the risk for major bleeding (MB) and healthcare economic outcomes of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) after initiating treatment with apixaban vs rivaroxaban, dabigatran, or warfarin.

Methods: NVAF patients who initiated apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, or warfarin were identified from the IMS Pharmetrics Plus database (January 1, 2013-September 30, 2015). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance differences in patient characteristics between study cohorts: patients treated with apixaban vs rivaroxaban, apixaban vs dabigatran, and apixaban vs warfarin.

Impact of Warfarin Persistence on Health-Care Utilization and Costs Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Managed in Anticoagulation Clinics in the United States.

Warfarin is a recommended therapy to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The objectives of this study were to identify potential factors associated with warfarin persistence and evaluate the impact of warfarin persistence on health-care resource utilization and costs among patients with NVAF in the United States. Patients (≥18 years) with ≥1 inpatient or ≥2 outpatient diagnoses of AF without valvular disease were identified from an electronic medical record database (January 1, 2004, to January 31, 2015).

Using Health Care Claims Data to Assess the Prevalence of Hodgkin Lymphoma and Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma in the United States.

Purpose: Although most patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) respond to primary therapy, some patients experience relapses or are refractory to treatment (RR-HL). The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of HL and RR-HL in the United States by using a large health care claims database.

Methods: Patients with ≥1 diagnosis for HL between January 1, 2013, and September 30, 2014 (prevalence assessment period), in the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases were identified.