Changes in Inmates' Substance Use and Dependence From Pre-Incarceration to One Year Post-Release.

Purpose: To assess changes in inmates' misuse of substances from pre- to post-incarceration.

Methods: In Study 1, professionals ( = 162) and laypersons ( = 50) predicted how jail inmates' substance misuse would change from pre-incarceration to post-release. In Study 2, a longitudinal study of 305 jail inmates, we examined actual changes in substance use and dependence from pre-incarceration to the first year post-incarceration, as well as whether changes varied as a function of demographic, criminal justice, treatment, and personality factors.