Identification of Hypothalamic Glucoregulatory Neurons That Sense and Respond to Changes in Glycemia.

Unlabelled: To investigate whether glucoregulatory neurons in the hypothalamus can sense and respond to physiological variation in the blood glucose (BG) level, we combined continuous arterial glucose monitoring with continuous measures of the activity of a specific subset of neurons located in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus that express pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (VMNPACAP neurons) obtained using fiber photometry. Data were collected in conscious, free-living mice during a 1-h baseline monitoring period and a subsequent 2-h intervention period during which the BG level was raised either by consuming a chow or a high-sucrose meal or by intraperitoneal glucose injection. Cross-correlation analysis revealed that, following a 60- to 90-s delay, interventions that raise the BG level reliably associate with reduced VMNPACAP neuron activity (P < 0.

Disseminated Histoplasmosis: A Rare Cause of Pancytopenia in an Immunocompromised Patient.

is a dimorphic fungus endemic to North and South America. This organism's ubiquity outside the traditionally defined region of the Mississippi and Ohio River Valley makes it an important yet often forgotten cause of systemic inflammatory disease. Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection, largely affecting immunocompromised individuals with defects in T-cell immunity.