Somatosensory cortex microstimulation modulates primary motor and ventral premotor cortex neurons with extensive spatial convergence and divergence.

Unlabelled: Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is known to affect distant neurons transynaptically, yet the extent to which ICMS pulses delivered in one cortical area modulate neurons in other cortical areas remains largely unknown. Here we assessed how the individual pulses of multi-channel ICMS trains delivered in the upper extremity representation of the macaque primary somatosensory area (S1) modulate neuron firing in the primary motor cortex (M1) and in the ventral premotor cortex (PMv). S1-ICMS pulses modulated the majority of units recorded both in the M1 upper extremity representation and in PMv, producing more inhibition than excitation.

A computational pipeline to find lobule-specific electric field distribution during non-invasive cerebellar stimulation.

Objective: Cerebellar Transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) of cerebellar lobules is challenging due to the complexity of the cerebellar structure. Therefore, we present a freely available computational pipeline to determine the subject-specific lobule-specific electric field distribution during ctDCS.

Methods: The computational pipeline isolates subject-specific cerebellar lobules based on a spatially unbiased atlas template (SUIT) for the cerebellum, and then calculates the lobule-specific electric field distribution during ctDCS.