Quantitative determination of liposomal irinotecan and SN-38 concentrations in plasma samples from children with solid tumors: Use of a cryoprotectant solution to enhance liposome stability.

Preclinical studies have demonstrated that liposomal irinotecan (CPT-11), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, has broad activity against adult cancers, including pancreatic, gastric, colon, lung, glioma, ovarian, and breast cancer. Encapsulation of irinotecan into liposomes can modify its pharmacokinetic properties dramatically. Also, the pharmacokinetic profiles of liposomal drug formulations are not fully understood; thus, bioanalytical methods are needed to separate and quantify nonencapsulated vs.

The Influence of Cannabidiol on the Pharmacokinetics of Methylphenidate in Healthy Subjects.

Introduction: Cannabidiol (CBD) is a widely utilized nonpsychoactive cannabinoid available as an over-the-counter supplement, a component of medical cannabis, and a prescriptive treatment of childhood epilepsies. In vitro studies suggest CBD may inhibit a number of drug-metabolizing enzymes, including carboxylesterase 1 (CES1). The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of CBD on the disposition of the CES1 substrate methylphenidate (MPH).

In vitro inhibition of carboxylesterase 1 by Kava (Piper methysticum) Kavalactones.

Kava refers to the extracts from the rhizome of the plant Piper methysticum which is of particular significance to various indigenous cultures in the South Pacific region. Kavalactones are the active constituents of kava products and are associated with sedative and anxiolytic effects. Kavalactones have been evaluated in vitro for their potential to alter the activity of various CYP450 enzymes but have undergone little systematic investigation as to their potential influence on esterases.

Aminoglycosides against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the critically ill: the pitfalls of aminoglycoside susceptibility.

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has brought aminoglycosides to the frontline since an aminoglycoside may be the only antimicrobial to which CRE isolates show in vitro susceptibility. The appropriateness of aminoglycoside-based therapies for severe infections by CRE is discussed considering the current breakpoints and recent pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in critically ill patients. Areas covered: Many aminoglycoside-susceptible CRE isolates present minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) at or slightly below the breakpoint of amikacin or gentamicin.