Assessing the Relationship between Surgical Timing and Postoperative Seizure Outcomes in Cavernoma-Related Epilepsy: A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis of 63 Patients with a Review of the Literature.

: Patients with supratentorial cavernous malformations (SCMs) commonly present with seizures. First-line treatments for cavernoma-related epilepsy (CRE) include conservative management (antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)) and surgery. We compared seizure outcomes of CRE patients after early (≤6 months) vs.

Varying presentations of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: A case report of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of three patients.

•ICI-associated myocarditis is a rare clinical entity, but one with an exceedingly high mortality rate.•The condition can present with a wide variety of manifestations. Thus, clinical suspicion for the diagnosis should remain elevated in at-risk patients receiving immunotherapy.

A comprehensive assessment of self-reported symptoms among patients harboring an unruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Background: Approximately 3.2%-6% of the general population harbor an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA). Ruptured aneurysms represent a significant healthcare burden, and preventing rupture relies on early detection and treatment.

Does the addition of radiation improve survival compared to chemotherapy alone in women with stage IV endometrial carcinoma? Analysis of the NCDB and SEER databases.

Objective: To evaluate whether the addition of radiation to adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in women with stage IV endometrial cancer following surgery.

Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) registries were queried for patients with stage IV endometrial cancer from 2004 to 2017. Treatment was categorized as chemotherapy alone, chemotherapy with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), chemotherapy with vaginal brachytherapy (VBT), or chemotherapy with EBRT+VBT.

Corrigendum: Pathophysiology of Vascular Stenosis and Remodeling in Moyamoya Disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.

Pathophysiology of Vascular Stenosis and Remodeling in Moyamoya Disease.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) and moyamoya syndrome (MMS) are progressive vascular pathologies unique to the cerebrovasculature that are important causes of stroke in both children and adults. The natural history of MMD is characterized by primary progressive stenosis of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, followed by the formation of fragile collateral vascular networks. In MMS, stenosis and collateralization occur in patients with an associated disease or condition.

Early life stress induces dysregulation of the heme pathway in adult mice.

Early life stress (ELS) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood, but the underlying vascular mechanisms are poorly understood. Increased hemoglobin and heme have recently been implicated to mediate endothelial dysfunction in several vascular diseases. Chronic physiological stress is associated with alterations in the heme pathway that have been well-described in the literature.

Intraventricular metastatic melanoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Intraventricular melanoma is a very rare and highly malignant disease. Safe resection is the mainstay of treatment, but no standard guidelines exist for adjuvant therapy. Early histologic and molecular diagnosis is key for improved survival.

Rapid Evolution and Rupture of an Incidental Aneurysm During Hyperdynamic Therapy for Cerebral Vasospasm.

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Among the most common sequelae of aSAH is delayed cerebral ischemia. Hyperdynamic therapy (fluid supplementation and hypertension) is used to increase cerebral perfusion.

Cauda equina syndrome in an ovarian malignant-mixed müllerian tumor with leptomeningeal spread.

Leptomeningeal metastasis is extremely rare in patients with ovarian cancer, but should be considered in patients presenting with neurologic deficits such as cauda equine syndrome. Given its poor prognosis and lack of data currently on management, additional studies are needed to optimize treatment regimens and improve outcomes.

Cerebellar Arteriovenous Malformation Rupture Despite Apparent Angiographic Obliteration.

Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can occur in all regions of the brain and spinal cord, with clinical consequences and risks varying by location. Delayed AVM rupture despite digital subtraction angiography-confirmed obliteration post-radiation is exceedingly rare.

Case Description: To our knowledge, we present the first documented case of delayed hemorrhage associated with a cerebellar AVM 5 years after linear accelerator-based radiation in a man aged 31 years despite apparent angiographic obliteration.

Angiosarcoma of the Temporal Bone: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Angiosarcomas are rare malignant tumors of endothelial origin. Nearly one half of all angiosarcomas occur in the head and neck. Temporal bone angiosarcomas are extremely uncommon.

Endothelial Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis: Role of Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction are established characteristics of cystic fibrosis (CF). Oxidative stress may contribute to vascular dysfunction via inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. .

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus immunotherapy for brain tumors: current pitfalls and emerging strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance.

Malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) continue to be a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both children and adults. Traditional therapies for malignant brain tumors consist of surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiation; such approaches are often associated with extreme morbidity. Accordingly, novel, targeted therapeutics for neoplasms of the CNS, such as immunotherapy with oncolytic engineered herpes simplex virus (HSV) therapy, are urgently warranted.

Hyperfiltration predicts long-term renal outcomes in humanized sickle cell mice.

We previously reported that humanized sickle cell (HbSS) mice develop spontaneous nephropathy, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD). Because sex-dependent protective mechanisms in SCD have been reported, we examined the course of nephropathy in male and female HbSS mice to determine contributors and/or predictors of disease severity. In male HbSS mice, glomerular filtration rate was characterized by a rapid onset of hyperfiltration and subsequent progressive decline of renal function over 20 weeks.

SUMOylation in Glioblastoma: A Novel Therapeutic Target.

Protein SUMOylation is a dynamic post-translational modification which is involved in a diverse set of physiologic processes throughout the cell. Of note, SUMOylation also plays a role in the pathobiology of a myriad of cancers, one of which is glioblastoma (GBM). Accordingly, herein, we review core aspects of SUMOylation as it relates to GBM and in so doing highlight putative methods/modalities capable of therapeutically engaging the pathway for treatment of this deadly neoplasm.

Endothelin type A receptors mediate pain in a mouse model of sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease is associated with acute painful episodes and chronic intractable pain. Endothelin-1, a known pain inducer, is elevated in the blood plasma of both sickle cell patients and mouse models of sickle cell disease. We show here that the levels of endothelin-1 and its endothelin type A receptor are increased in the dorsal root ganglia of a mouse model of sickle cell disease.

Acute Pressor Response to Psychosocial Stress Is Dependent on Endothelium-Derived Endothelin-1.

Background: Acute psychosocial stress provokes increases in circulating endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in humans and animal models. However, key questions about the physiological function and cellular source of stress-induced ET-1 remain unanswered. We hypothesized that endothelium-derived ET-1 contributes to the acute pressor response to stress via activation of the endothelin A receptor.

Release of transcriptional repression through the HCR promoter region confers uniform expression of HWP1 on surfaces of Candida albicans germ tubes.

The mechanisms that fungi use to co-regulate subsets of genes specifically associated with morphogenic states represent a basic unsolved problem in fungal biology. Candida albicans is an important model of fungal differentiation both for rapid interconversion between yeast and hyphal growth forms and for white/opaque switching mechanisms. The Sundstrom lab is interested in mechanisms regulating hypha-specific expression of adhesin genes that are critical for C.

High dietary sodium causes dyssynchrony of the renal molecular clock in rats.

Speed JS, Hyndman KA, Roth K, Heimlich JB, Kasztan M, Fox BM, Johnston JG, Becker BK, Jin C, Gamble KL, Young ME, Pollock JS, Pollock DM. High dietary sodium causes dyssynchrony of the renal molecular clock in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 314: F89-F98, 2018.

Long-Term Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonism Provides Robust Renal Protection in Humanized Sickle Cell Disease Mice.

Sickle cell disease (SCD)-associated nephropathy is a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients because of the lack of efficacious treatments targeting renal manifestations of the disease. Here, we describe a long-term treatment strategy with the selective endothelin-A receptor (ET) antagonist, ambrisentan, designed to interfere with the development of nephropathy in a humanized mouse model of SCD. Ambrisentan preserved GFR at the level of nondisease controls and prevented the development of proteinuria, albuminuria, and nephrinuria.