Persistent Elevation of Opening Pressure Despite Treatment and Symptom Resolution in Pediatric Intracranial Hypertension.

Background: Currently no guidelines for repeating a lumbar puncture to guide management in primary intracranial hypertension (PIH) exist.

Methods: An institutional database of patients 18 years and younger followed in the institution's pediatric intracranial hypertension clinic was examined for opening pressure changes in PIH at diagnosis, before medication wean, and following medication wean, as well as to examine whether measurements at the time of diagnosis differed between those with and without disease recurrence.

Results: Forty-two patients were included in this study; 36% were male and the mean age at diagnosis was 11.

Effect of Inhaled Sevoflurane on Pediatric Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure During Lumbar Puncture; Implications for Intracranial Hypertension.

To determine influence of sevoflurane on changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure in children presenting for lumbar puncture. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure, end tidal carbon dioxide, and end tidal sevoflurane concentration measurements were obtained at 2-minute intervals for a total of 10 minutes (T0 to T5). Because of concerns regarding patient safety and comfort, the study measurements were completed at the end of the lumbar procedure, starting with the closing pressure and when sevoflurane was stopped.

An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence in Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics.

Technological breakthroughs, together with the rapid growth of medical information and improved data connectivity, are creating dramatic shifts in the health care landscape, including the field of developmental and behavioral pediatrics. While medical information took an estimated 50 years to double in 1950, by 2020, it was projected to double every 73 days. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered health technologies, once considered theoretical or research-exclusive concepts, are increasingly being granted regulatory approval and integrated into clinical care.

Content Recommendation Systems in Web-Based Mental Health Care: Real-world Application and Formative Evaluation.

Background: Recommender systems have great potential in mental health care to personalize self-guided content for patients, allowing them to supplement their mental health treatment in a scalable way.

Objective: In this paper, we describe and evaluate 2 knowledge-based content recommendation systems as parts of Ginger, an on-demand mental health platform, to bolster engagement in self-guided mental health content.

Methods: We developed two algorithms to provide content recommendations in the Ginger mental health smartphone app: (1) one that uses users' responses to app onboarding questions to recommend content cards and (2) one that uses the semantic similarity between the transcript of a coaching conversation and the description of content cards to make recommendations after every session.

Autism Spectrum Disorder: The New Asthma?

While autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has traditionally been diagnosed in specialty care, rising prevalence rates have strained specialist capacity and created significant diagnostic bottlenecks. With long wait times for specialist evaluations, pediatricians are increasingly being asked to play a greater role in identifying, diagnosing, and managing ASD within the medical home. In this commentary we draw parallels between the challenges pediatricians faced two decades ago learning how to manage pediatric asthma in the medical home, to those faced today in the field of primary care ASD management.

Changes in healthcare costs following engagement with a virtual mental health system: a matched cohort study of healthcare claims data.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the pressing need for mental health services. Digital mental health interventions could increase access to care and be an effective approach to reducing anxiety and depression at scale; however, research on their impact on healthcare expenditure is in the nascent stage and requires further investigation. The current study used claims data to examine the associations between use of an on-demand digital mental health platform and healthcare utilization costs compared to a matched control cohort.

Changes in Resilience Following Engagement With a Virtual Mental Health System: Real-world Observational Study.

Background: Digital health services can serve as scalable solutions to address the growing demand for mental health care. However, more research is needed to better understand the association between engagement with care and improvements in subclinical outcomes.

Objective: This study aims to fill this research gap by examining the relationship between members' engagement with the Ginger platform and changes in their psychological resilience.

Association Between Care Modality and Use With Treatment Response Among Members Accessing Virtual Mental Health Services: Real-world Observational Study.

Background: There is a growing bottleneck in mental health care, as the demand for services has outpaced the availability of mental health professionals. Consequently, many health systems have shifted to teletherapy as a scalable approach to increasing accessibility to care. Within these care models, various treatment modalities (eg, coaching and clinical care) are used to deliver support for anxiety and depression.

Health-Related Quality of Life Among Members Using an On Demand Behavioral Health Platform: Pilot Observational Study.

Background: Despite the well-known adverse health conditions and negative economic outcomes associated with mental health problems, accessing treatment is difficult due to reasons such as availability and cost. As a solution, digital mental health services have flooded the industry, and new studies are quickly emerging that support their potential as an accessible and cost-effective way to improve mental health outcomes. However, many mental health platforms typically use clinical tools such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) or General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7).

Racial, Ethnic, and Sociodemographic Disparities in Diagnosis of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This special article uses a biosocial-ecological framework to discuss findings in the literature on racial, ethnic, and sociodemographic diagnostic disparities in autism spectrum disorder. We draw explanations from this framework on the complex and cumulative influences of social injustices across interpersonal and systemic levels.

Presenting Symptomatology and Risk Factors in Pediatric Secondary Intracranial Hypertension due to Venous Sinus Thrombosis.

Background: There remains debate regarding the need for venous imaging in pediatric intracranial hypertension.

Methods: Records of patients aged 18 years or younger who were evaluated in the intracranial hypertension clinic at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, were reviewed. Past medical history, diagnostic evaluation, and presenting symptoms were examined to evaluate differences in symptomatology presentation and risk factors in patients with pediatric intracranial hypertension with and without thrombosis.

Parenting Stress, Sleep, and Psychological Adjustment in Parents of Infants and Toddlers With Congenital Heart Disease.

Objective: Parents of children with chronic medical needs report increased parenting challenges, poor sleep, and maladjustment. The impact of parenting stress on both sleep and adjustment has yet to be evaluated for parents of infants and young children with congenital heart disease (CHD). We studied the relations among parenting stress, sleep, and adjustment in parents of infants and toddlers with CHD.

Long-Term Survival of Patients With Coarctation Repaired During Infancy (from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium).

Patients who undergo coarctation repair during infancy have excellent early survival but long-term survival is unknown. We aimed to describe the long-term survival of patients with coarctation repaired during infancy and determine predictors of mortality. We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium for patients with coarctation who underwent surgical repair before 12 months of age between 1982 and 2003.

The prevalence and effects of aspiration among neonates at the time of discharge.

Background: Neonates undergoing heart surgery for CHD are at risk for postoperative gastrointestinal complications and aspiration events. There are limited data regarding the prevalence of aspiration after neonatal cardiothoracic surgery; thus, the effects of aspiration events on this patient population are not well understood. This retrospective chart review examined the prevalence and effects of aspiration among neonates who had undergone cardiac surgery at the time of their discharge.

Adherence to Biobehavioral Recommendations in Pediatric Migraine as Measured by Electronic Monitoring: The Adherence in Migraine (AIM) Study.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to examine treatment adherence to medication and lifestyle recommendations among pediatric migraine patients using electronic monitoring systems.

Background: Nonadherence to medical treatment is a significant public health concern, and can result in poorer treatment outcomes, decreased cost-effectiveness of medical care, and increased morbidity. No studies have systematically examined adherence to medication and lifestyle recommendations in adolescents with migraine outside of a clinical trial.

Treatment adherence in patients with headache: a systematic review.

Objective: To review and critically evaluate the extant research literature pertaining to adherence in youth and adults with headache and to provide recommendations for future research.

Background: This article provides the first systematic review of pediatric headache adherence and updates a previous review of treatment adherence in adults with headache.

Design: Systematic review of empirical literature.

An examination of 1-year adherence and persistence rates to antiepileptic medication in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Objective: The primary aim of the current study was to use new methods to examine 1-year quality of medication dosing (adherence) and continuation with medication treatment (persistence) rates to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Methods: Medication-taking behaviors of AEDs were assessed using electronic monitors for 117 children with newly diagnosed epilepsy for the first year after diagnosis.

Results: Approximately 15% of participants were categorized as nonpersistent (i.

Strategies for Recruitment and Retention of Families from Low-Income, Ethnic Minority Backgrounds in a Longitudinal Study of Caregiver Feeding and Child Weight.

Background: Children from low-SES and ethnic minority backgrounds are at heightened risk for overweight, yet are underrepresented in the pediatric obesity literature.

Methods: The current paper describes strategies employed to minimize barriers to recruitment and retention of African-American families receiving WIC services in a longitudinal study examining caregiver feeding and child weight.

Results: Seventy-six families enrolled in the study over 3.

Quality of life and emotional functioning in youth with chronic migraine and juvenile fibromyalgia.

Summary: Chronic pain in children is associated with significant negative impact on social, emotional, and school functioning. Previous studies on the impact of pain on children's functioning have primarily used mixed samples of pain conditions or single pain conditions (eg, headache and abdominal pain) with relatively small sample sizes. As a result, the similarities and differences in the impact of pain in subgroups of children with chronic pain have not been closely examined.

Searching the scientific literature: implications for quantitative and qualitative reviews.

Literature reviews are an essential step in the research process and are included in all empirical and review articles. Electronic databases are commonly used to gather this literature. However, several factors can affect the extent to which relevant articles are retrieved, influencing future research and conclusions drawn.

Six degrees of separation: an exploratory network analysis of mentoring relationships in pediatric psychology.

Objective: The present study is an exploratory social network analysis of mentee-mentor relationships in the field of pediatric psychology.

Method: An online survey was distributed to members of the Division 54 Society of Pediatric Psychology (SPP) listserv asking them to name up to 10 psychologists from whom they had "received mentoring" and who influenced their careers. Directed network analyses were conducted to examine features of the resulting mentoring network.

Predictors of attendance in a practical clinical trial of two pediatric weight management interventions.

The objective of this study was to evaluate demographic and psychosocial predictors of attendance in a family-based behavioral weight management clinical trial. Ninety-three children and adolescents aged 7-17 (Mean age = 11.59, s.

Perceived benefits of mentoring in pediatric psychology: a qualitative approach.

Objective: To identify tangible and intangible benefits of mentoring cited by a select group of identified mentors.

Methods: Twenty frequently named mentors within pediatric psychology provided responses to open-ended questions regarding benefits they have experienced through the mentoring process.

Results: Mentors identified many personal and professional benefits of the mentoring relationship, although they did not clearly distinguish between tangible and intangible advantages to the relationship.

Comparison of a family-based group intervention for youths with obesity to a brief individual family intervention: a practical clinical trial of positively fit.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a family-based behavioral group intervention (Positively Fit; PF) for pediatric obesity relative to a brief family intervention (BFI) in a sample of treatment-seeking children and adolescents.

Methods: Families (n = 93) were randomized to treatment condition. Assessments were conducted at pre- and posttreatment and at 12-month follow-up.

Effectiveness of motivational interviewing interventions for adolescent substance use behavior change: a meta-analytic review.

Objective: This study was designed to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) interventions for adolescent substance use behavior change.

Method: Literature searches of electronic databases were undertaken in addition to manual reference searches of identified review articles. Databases searched include PsycINFO, PUBMED/MEDLINE, and Educational Resources Information Center.