A high-throughput micro-scale workflow to quantify molecularly dissolved drug concentrations under solubilizing conditions.

Physiological and artificial solubilizing agents usually enhance apparent solubility of poorly soluble drugs, and in many cases also oral drug exposure. However, exposure may decrease in cases where micellization reduces the molecularly dissolved drug fraction, overriding the solubility advantage. While this information is critical to accurately anticipate the effect of drug micellization on oral absorption, the experimental determination of molecularly dissolved drug concentrations is complex and time consuming.

Unveiling Neolithic Economic Behavior: A Novel Approach to Chert Procurement at Çukuriçi Höyük, Western Anatolia.

Unlabelled: The expansion of the Neolithic way of life triggered the most profound changes in peoples' socioeconomic behaviors, including how critical resources for everyday life were managed. Recent research spearheaded by ancient DNA analysis has greatly contributed to our understanding of the main direction of Neolithisation spreading from western Anatolia into central Europe. Due to the diverse processes involved in Neolithisation, which resulted in a high diversity of regional and local phenomena, the underlying mechanisms of these developments are still largely unexplored.

The impact of volume of dissolution medium for biopredictive dissolution/permeation studies of enabling formulations: A comparison of two brands of telmisartan / amlodipine tablets.

For compendial dissolution testing of solid dosage forms, media volumes of 500 to 900 mL are used in apparatus I and II to ensure sink conditions. However, these volumes are considerably larger than those in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the experiments are not biomimetic and possibly not suitable for biopredictive dissolution testing.

A Novel Methylene Blue Indicator-Based Aptasensor for Rapid Detection of .

is a significant opportunistic pathogen highly prevalent in the environment, requiring early detection methods to prevent infections in vulnerable individuals. The most specific aptamer for , F23, has been used for the development of various assays and sensors for early diagnosis and monitoring. In this study, a novel F23-based electrochemical aptasensor was designed using disposal gold screen-printed electrodes (Au-SPEs) with high reproducibility.

Self-reported hepatitis A and B vaccination coverage among men who have sex with men (MSM), associated factors and vaccination recommendations in 43 countries of the WHO European Region: results from the European MSM Internet Survey, EMIS-2017.

BackgroundHepatitis A and B vaccinations are recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM), given their increased risk of infection. However, data on vaccination programmes are scarce.AimTo use information on vaccination recommendations and vaccine uptake among MSM in the WHO European Region to guide prevention.

2-Stage and 3-stage restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis show comparable short- and long-term outcomes.

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) represents the standard treatment for therapy-refractory, malignant or complicated ulcerative colitis (UC) and can be performed as a 2-stage or 3-stage procedure. This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes after 2- and 3-stage IPAA in patients with UC in our department. A retrospective analysis of 176 patients with UC who received 2- or 3-stage restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA at our institution from 2001 to 2021 was performed.

Mid- to long-term periprosthetic bone density changes after cementless short stem hip arthroplasty in elderly: A clinical and radiological analysis.

Introduction: Short stem prostheses were originally designed for younger and more active patients. In recent years, they have been increasingly offered to older patients. This study evaluates the mid-to long-term survival of a short stem prosthesis and the changes in periprosthetic bone density following implantation of a cementless short hip stem in patients over 60 years of age.

Development of an enabling platform biotechnology for the production of proteins.

Protein-based drugs are a mainstay of modern medicine. In contrast to antibodies, most of these need highly individualized production processes which often limits their development. Here, we develop an immunoglobulin domain tag (i-Tag), which can be fused to any protein of interest.

Barriers and facilitators to viral hepatitis testing in Uzbekistan: scoping qualitative study among key stakeholders, healthcare workers, and the general population.

Introduction: In the World Health Organization European Region, an estimated 14 million people live with a chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV), and 12 million are affected by a hepatitis C virus infection (HCV). Uzbekistan bears a major burden of HBV and has one of the highest HCV prevalence in the region. Following a presidential decree in May 2022, significant funds were allocated to the viral hepatitis (VH) elimination program in Uzbekistan.

Evaluating the hepatitis B vaccination impact in the Republic of Moldova: A nationwide representative serosurvey of children born in 2013.

Objectives: The WHO European Region set targets for the control of hepatitis B through immunization, including prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at ≤0.5% in vaccinated cohorts. The Republic of Moldova implemented universal hepatitis B vaccination since 1995.

An Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Detection of Freshwater Cyanobacteria.

is a genus of cyanobacteria that is filamentous and nitrogen-fixing and inhabits aquatic environments. This genus is known as one of the major producers of cyanotoxins that can affect water quality after the bloom period. In this study, an electrochemical aptasensor is demonstrated using a specific aptamer to detect sp.

Using molecularly dissolved drug concentrations in PBBMs improves the prediction of oral absorption from supersaturating formulations.

Predicting the absorption of drugs from enabling formulations is still challenging due to the limited capabilities of standard physiologically based biopharmaceutics models (PBBMs) to capture complex absorption processes. Amongst others, it is often assumed that both, molecularly and apparently dissolved drug in the gastrointestinal lumen are prone to absorption. A recently introduced method for measuring concentrations of molecularly dissolved drug in a dynamic in vitro dissolution setup using microdialysis has opened new opportunities to test this hypothesis and refine mechanistic PBBM approaches.

Growth of freshwater cyanobacterium sp. ULC602 in different growing and nutrient conditions.

sp. ULC602, recently isolated in a Belgian lake, is a filamentous, nitrogen-fixing, freshwater cyanobacterium that is one of the primary producers of cyanotoxins following its bloom formation, causing water contamination. This study aims to evaluate the effects of growing conditions and essential nutrients on the growth of sp.

Drug Dissolution in Oral Drug Absorption: Workshop Report.

The in-person workshop "Drug Dissolution in Oral Drug Absorption" was held on May 23-24, 2023, in Baltimore, MD, USA. The workshop was organized into lectures and breakout sessions. Three common topics that were re-visited by various lecturers were amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), dissolution/permeation interplay, and in vitro methods to predict in vivo biopharmaceutics performance and risk.

Hydrogenated phospholipid, a promising excipient in amorphous solid dispersions of fenofibrate for oral delivery: Preparation and in-vitro biopharmaceutical characterization.

Amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) represent a viable formulation strategy to improve dissolution and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Our study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and potential role of hydrogenated phospholipid (HPL) as a matrix material and solubilizing additive for binary (alone) or ternary (in combination with polymers) solid dispersions, using fenofibrate (FEN) as the model drug. FEN, incorporated within ASDs by melting or freeze-drying (up to 20% m/m), stayed amorphous during short-term stability studies.

Combining in vitro dissolution/permeation with microdialysis sampling: Capabilities and limitations for biopharmaceutical assessments of supersaturating drug formulations.

Many novel small drug molecules are poorly water-soluble and thus, enabling drug formulations may be required to ensure sufficient absorption upon oral administration. Biopharmaceutical assessment and absorption prediction of enabling formulations, however, remains challenging. Combined in vitro dissolution/permeation (D/P) assays have gained increasing interest since they may provide a more realistic formulation ranking based on the drug permeation profiles from different formulations as compared to conventional dissolution, which captures both readily permeable and not readily permeable fractions of "dissolved" drug.

In vitro dissolution/permeation tools for amorphous solid dispersions bioavailability forecasting II: Comparison and mechanistic insights.

Along with the increasing demand for complex formulations comes the need for appropriate in vitro methodologies capable of predicting their corresponding in vivo performance and the mechanisms controlling the drug release which can impact on in vivo drug absorption. In vitro dissolution-permeation (D/P) methodologies that can account for the effects of enabling formulations on the permeability of drugs are increasingly being used in performance ranking during early development stages. This work comprised the application of two different cell-free in vitro D/P setups: BioFLUX™ and PermeaLoop™ to evaluate the dissolution-permeation interplay upon drug release from itraconazole (ITZ)- HPMCAS amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of different drug loads.

In vitro dissolution/permeation tools for amorphous solid dispersions bioavailability forecasting I: Experimental design for PermeaLoop™.

Along with the increasing demand for candidate-enabling formulations comes the need for appropriate in vitro bioavailability forecasting. Dissolution/permeation (D/P) systems employing cell-free permeation barriers are increasingly gaining interest, due to their low cost and easy application as passive diffusion bio-predictive profiling in drug product development, as this accounts for nearly 75% of new chemical entities (NCEs) absorption mechanism. To this end, this study comprises theoretical considerations on the design and experimental work towards the establishment and optimization of a PermeaLoop™ based dissolution/permeation assay to simultaneously evaluate the drug release and permeation using Itraconazole (ITZ)-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) formulations, with different drug loads, based on a solvent-shift approach.

Wearable Device Health Data Mapping to Open mHealth and FHIR Data Formats.

Health data collected by wearables and apps can be useful as part of patient-generated health data (PGHD) or personal health data for medical diagnosis or general health monitoring. Mobile health apps are more and more accepted, generate evidence and might be increasingly used in personal medicine. Data retrieved from wearables and apps are mostly not following a medical data standard and cannot be retrieved from the vendors in a straightforward way.

Predictive Population Dynamics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica on Plants: a Mechanistic Mathematical Model Based on Weather Parameters and Bacterial State.

Weather affects key aspects of bacterial behavior on plants but has not been extensively investigated as a tool to assess risk of crop contamination with human foodborne pathogens. A novel mechanistic model informed by weather factors and bacterial state was developed to predict population dynamics on leafy vegetables and tested against published data tracking Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EcO157) and Salmonella enterica populations on lettuce and cilantro plants. The model utilizes temperature, radiation, and dew point depression to characterize pathogen growth and decay rates.

Weather factors, soil microbiome, and bacteria-fungi interactions as drivers of the epiphytic phyllosphere communities of romaine lettuce.

Lettuce is associated with seasonal outbreaks of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections. Little is known about how various biotic and abiotic factors affect the lettuce microbiome, which in turn impacts STEC colonization. We characterized the lettuce phyllosphere and surface soil bacterial, fungal, and oomycete communities at harvest in late-spring and -fall in California using metagenomics.

Insight into the mechanism behind oral bioavailability-enhancement by nanosuspensions through combined dissolution/permeation studies.

As numerous new drug candidates are poorly water soluble, enabling formulations are needed to increase their bioavailability for oral administration. Nanoparticles are a conceptually simple, yet resource consuming strategy for increasing drug dissolution rate, as predicting in vivo oral absorption using in vitro dissolution remains difficult. The objective of this study was to obtain insight into nanoparticle characteristics and performance utilizing an in vitro combined dissolution/permeation setup.