Running Through the Haze: How Wildfire Smoke Affects Physical Activity and Mental Well-Being.

Background: With a warming climate, extreme wildfires are more likely to occur, which may adversely affect air quality, physical activity (PA), and therefore, mental well-being.

Methods: We assessed PA engagement and mental well-being between periods with and without wildfire smoke, and whether there were associations between changes in PA behavior and mental well-being. Questionnaires on PA and mental well-being during a period of wildfire smoke were completed by 348 participants; of these participants, 162 also completed a follow-up PA and mental well-being questionnaire during a period without wildfire smoke.

The seventh blind test of crystal structure prediction: structure generation methods.

A seventh blind test of crystal structure prediction was organized by the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre featuring seven target systems of varying complexity: a silicon and iodine-containing molecule, a copper coordination complex, a near-rigid molecule, a cocrystal, a polymorphic small agrochemical, a highly flexible polymorphic drug candidate, and a polymorphic morpholine salt. In this first of two parts focusing on structure generation methods, many crystal structure prediction (CSP) methods performed well for the small but flexible agrochemical compound, successfully reproducing the experimentally observed crystal structures, while few groups were successful for the systems of higher complexity. A powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) assisted exercise demonstrated the use of CSP in successfully determining a crystal structure from a low-quality PXRD pattern.

Aliado - A design concept of AI for decision support in oncological liver surgery.

Background: The interest in artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing. Systematic reviews suggest that there are many machine learning algorithms in surgery, however, only a minority of the studies integrate AI applications in clinical workflows. Our objective was to design and evaluate a concept to use different kinds of AI for decision support in oncological liver surgery along the treatment path.

Observation of Strong Nuclear Suppression in Exclusive J/ψ Photoproduction in Au+Au Ultraperipheral Collisions at RHIC.

We report a measurement of exclusive J/ψ and ψ(2s) photoproduction in Au+Au ultraperipheral collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV using the STAR detector. For the first time, (i) the ψ(2s) photoproduction in midrapidity at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider has been experimentally measured; (ii) nuclear suppression factors are measured for both the coherent and incoherent J/ψ production. At average photon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 25.

GPER deficiency impedes murine myocutaneous revascularization and wound healing.

Estrogens regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes, including wide-ranging effects in wound healing. The effects of estrogens are mediated through multiple estrogen receptors (ERs), including the classical nuclear ERs (ERα and ER ), that typically regulate gene expression, and the 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), that predominantly mediates rapid "non-genomic" signaling. Estrogen modulates the expression of various genes involved in epidermal function and regeneration, inflammation, matrix production, and protease inhibition, all critical to wound healing.

Cell cycle-driven transcriptome maturation confers multilineage competence to cardiopharyngeal progenitors.

During development, stem and progenitor cells divide and transition through germ layer- and lineage-specific multipotent states to generate the diverse cell types that compose an animal. Defined changes in biomolecular composition underlie the progressive loss of potency and acquisition of lineage-specific characteristics. For example, multipotent cardiopharyngeal progenitors display multilineage transcriptional priming, whereby both the cardiac and pharyngeal muscle programs are partially active and coexist in the same progenitor cells, while their daughter cells engage in a cardiac or pharyngeal muscle differentiation path only after cell division.

Incidence of Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly and Developmental Disorders.

Importance: This is the first population-based study quantifying the incidence of nonsynostotic positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB) in infancy and its association with developmental disorders.

Objective: To report the incidence of PPB before age 1 year, the incidence of craniosynostosis, and the percentage of children with PPB diagnosed with a developmental disorder by age 7 years.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study of children in the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) born in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2012, with follow-up through age 7 years.

Hadar linked to two distinct transmission vehicles highlights challenges to enteric disease outbreak investigations.

In 2020, an outbreak of Hadar illnesses was linked to contact with non-commercial, privately owned (backyard) poultry including live chickens, turkeys, and ducks, resulting in 848 illnesses. From late 2020 to 2021, this Hadar strain caused an outbreak that was linked to ground turkey consumption. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis determined that the Hadar isolates detected during the outbreak linked to backyard poultry and the outbreak linked to ground turkey were closely related genetically (within 0-16 alleles).

Multistate outbreaks of salmonellosis linked to contact with backyard poultry-United States, 2015-2022.

Aims: Contact with backyard poultry (i.e., privately-owned, non-commercial poultry) was first associated with a multistate outbreak of salmonellosis in 1955.

Postnatal survival of phrenic motor neurons is promoted by BDNF/TrkB.FL signaling.

The number of motor neurons (MNs) declines precipitously during the final trimester before birth. Thereafter, the number of MNs remains relatively stable, with their connections to skeletal muscle dependent on neurotrophins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling through its high-affinity full-length tropomyosin-related kinase receptor subtype B (TrkB.FL) receptor.

Health care resource utilization and costs associated with diagnosed medication overuse headache and potential acute medication overuse in individuals with migraine.

Objective: Estimate health care resource utilization and costs associated with medication overuse headache and potential acute medication overuse.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted with Clinformatics Data Mart data (1 January 2019-31 December 2019) that included continuously enrolled commercially insured adults with migraine (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-10-CM] code G43.xxx).

Proteomic insights into the pathophysiology of hypertension-associated albuminuria: Pilot study in a South African cohort.

Background: Hypertension is an important public health priority with a high prevalence in Africa. It is also an independent risk factor for kidney outcomes. We aimed to identify potential proteins and pathways involved in hypertension-associated albuminuria by assessing urinary proteomic profiles in black South African participants with combined hypertension and albuminuria compared to those who have neither condition.

Acute Intraoperative Tympanic Membrane Rupture in Patient Anesthetized With Desflurane Without Nitrous Oxide: A Case Report.

We report a case of acute intraoperative tympanic membrane (TM) rupture in a patient anesthetized with desflurane without N2O. The patient was undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to treat ascending cholangitis. TM rupture is known to occur with N2O but has not been reported in the literature with the use of inhaled volatile anesthetics without N2O.

Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of blood pressure traits and hypertension in sub-Saharan African populations: an AWI-Gen study.

Most hypertension-related genome-wide association studies (GWASs) focus on non-African populations, despite hypertension (a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease) being highly prevalent in Africa. The AWI-Gen study GWAS meta-analysis for blood pressure (BP)-related traits (systolic and diastolic BP, pulse pressure, mean-arterial pressure and hypertension) from three sub-Saharan African geographic regions (N = 10,775), identifies two novel genome-wide significant signals (p < 5E-08): systolic BP near P2RY1 (rs77846204; intergenic variant, p = 4.95E-08) and pulse pressure near LINC01256 (rs80141533; intergenic variant, p = 1.

Hyperon Polarization along the Beam Direction Relative to the Second and Third Harmonic Event Planes in Isobar Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV.

The polarization of Λ and Λ[over ¯] hyperons along the beam direction has been measured relative to the second and third harmonic event planes in isobar Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV. This is the first experimental evidence of the hyperon polarization by the triangular flow originating from the initial density fluctuations. The amplitudes of the sine modulation for the second and third harmonic results are comparable in magnitude, increase from central to peripheral collisions, and show a mild p_{T} dependence.

Anxiety and coping strategies among dyslexics in Ethiopia.

Individuals with dyslexia have been shown to have an increased risk for developing internalizing problems. Various studies have revealed the powerful role that culture plays in determining the type of anxiety and coping strategies adopted by various groups of individuals. However, compared to the vast number of studies conducted in individualistic cultures, knowledge on collectivistic cultures with respect to this issue is still limited.

Active learning for extracting surgomic features in robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy: a prospective annotation study.

Background: With Surgomics, we aim for personalized prediction of the patient's surgical outcome using machine-learning (ML) on multimodal intraoperative data to extract surgomic features as surgical process characteristics. As high-quality annotations by medical experts are crucial, but still a bottleneck, we prospectively investigate active learning (AL) to reduce annotation effort and present automatic recognition of surgomic features.

Methods: To establish a process for development of surgomic features, ten video-based features related to bleeding, as highly relevant intraoperative complication, were chosen.

Cross-cultural measurement invariance of a developmental assessment tool in a small-scale intervention study.

Development tests are widely used in the scope of cross-cultural and comparative research to support intervention studies and health care projects concerning early childhood development. Therefore, it is crucial to use culturally sensitive assessment tools. A culturally adapted version of the German development test FREDI 0-3 (Maehler, Cartschau, & Rohleder, 2016) was used to assess a German (n = 405) and an Indian (n = 2075) sample of children between ten and thirty-two months.