BB0562 is a nutritional virulence determinant with lipase activity important for Borrelia burgdorferi infection and survival in fatty acid deficient environments.

The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi relies on uptake of essential nutrients from its host environments for survival and infection. Therefore, nutrient acquisition mechanisms constitute key virulence properties of the pathogen, yet these mechanisms remain largely unknown. In vivo expression technology applied to B.

Brave New Worlds: The Expanding Universe of Lyme Disease.

Projections around the globe suggest an increase in tick-vectored disease incidence and distribution, and the potential for emergence of novel tick-borne pathogens. Lyme disease is the most common reported tick-borne illness in the Unites States and is prevalent throughout much of central Europe. In recent years, the worldwide burden of Lyme disease has increased and extended into regions and countries where the disease was not previously reported.

Host Immune Evasion by Lyme and Relapsing Fever Borreliae: Findings to Lead Future Studies for .

The emerging pathogen, , is a relapsing fever spirochete vectored by the same species of ticks that carry the causative agents of Lyme disease in the US, Europe, and Asia. Symptoms caused by infection with are similar to a relapsing fever infection. However, has adapted to different vectors and reservoirs, which could result in unique physiology, including immune evasion mechanisms.

Laboratory Cultivation and Maintenance of Borrelia miyamotoi.

Borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever tick-borne pathogen found in Ixodes spp. (hard) ticks. In vitro culturing has proven difficult despite initial reports of cultures maintained in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly-II (BSK-II) medium.

Most probable number quantification of hypophosphite and phosphite oxidizing bacteria in natural aquatic and terrestrial environments.

Concentrations of hypophosphite and phosphite oxidizing bacteria were found to be high, relative to bacterial concentrations growing on phosphate, in sediment and soil during winter and summer seasons from 12 common terrestrial and aquatic sites using a most probable number method. The percent of total culturable bacterial concentrations that could use these reduced phosphorus compounds as a sole source of phosphorus were as follows: hypophosphite, 7-100%; phosphite, 10-67%; aminoethylphosphonate, 34-270%. The average MPN/g (±SEM) was as follows: phosphate, 6.