Physical activity interventions can improve emotion regulation and dimensions of empathy in persons with multiple sclerosis: An exploratory study.

Background: Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) report difficulties with emotion regulation and empathy. Regular physical activity (RPA) improves dimensions of psychological well-being in PwMS, but it remains unclear if regular physical activity has effects on emotion regulation and empathy. The present study investigated the effect of regular physical activity on emotion regulation and empathy, and explored, if endurance training or coordinative training are better than an active control condition.

Assessing physical activity in people with mental illness: 23-country reliability and validity of the simple physical activity questionnaire (SIMPAQ).

Background: Physical inactivity is a key contributor to the global burden of disease and disproportionately impacts the wellbeing of people experiencing mental illness. Increases in physical activity are associated with improvements in symptoms of mental illness and reduction in cardiometabolic risk. Reliable and valid clinical tools that assess physical activity would improve evaluation of intervention studies that aim to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in people living with mental illness.

Influence of Regular Physical Activity on Mitochondrial Activity and Symptoms of Burnout-An Interventional Pilot Study.

Background: Occupational burnout is both a serious public and individual health concern. Psychopharmacological and psychological interventions are often employed, while interventions involving physical activity have been less frequently studied. The aims of the present study were (1) to investigate the effects of physical activity on mitochondrial activity levels and symptoms of burnout, (2) to compare the mitochondrial activity levels and symptoms of burnout of individuals suffering burnout with those of healthy controls (HCs), and (3) to explore the associations between mitochondrial activity and burnout symptoms.

Sex Differences in High-Intensity Interval Training-Are HIIT Protocols Interchangeable Between Females and Males?

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a well-established training modality to improve aerobic and anaerobic capacity. However, sex-specific aspects of different HIIT protocols are incompletely understood. This study aimed to compare two HIIT protocols with different recovery periods in moderately trained females and males and to investigate whether sex affects high-intensity running speed and speed decrement.

Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Test for Estimation of Peak Oxygen Uptake: Use Without Restriction?

: This study analyzed the physiological response during Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (YYIR1) test and re-test by in-field ergospirometry and time-series analyses of respiratory parameters. : Ten moderately trained males (23.4 ± 2.

Combined virtual reality and physical training improved the bimanual coordination of women with multiple sclerosis.

As their illness progresses, patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) may suffer from motor impairments. In the present study, we examined the effectiveness of three interventions for learning a bimanual coordination task: Virtual reality training (VRT), conventional physical training (CPT), and the combination of VRT and CPT (COMB). A total of 45 women with MS were randomly assigned to one of the following study conditions: VRT, CPT or COMB.

Expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase relates to monocyte dysfunction and severity of cirrhosis.

Infectious complications in patients with cirrhosis frequently initiate episodes of decompensation and substantially contribute to the high mortality. Mechanisms of the underlying immuneparesis remain underexplored. TAM receptors (TYRO3/AXL/MERTK) are important inhibitors of innate immune responses.

Comparisons of Voxel-Based Morphometric Brain Volumes of Individuals with Methamphetamine-Induced Psychotic Disorder and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Controls.

Background: Several psychological and neurological pathways are described to explain the emergence and maintenance of psychiatric disorders, and changes in brain volumes and brain activity are observed as correlates of psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we investigated if and to what extent specific voxel-based morphometric brain volume differences could be observed among individuals with methamphetamine-induced psychosis (MAIP) and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) compared to healthy controls.

Methods: A total of 69 individuals took part in the present study.

Correlation analysis of physical fitness and retinal microvasculature by OCT angiography in healthy adults.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) represents the most recent modality in retinal imaging for non-invasive and depth-selective visualization of blood flow in retinal vessels. With regard to quantitative OCTA measurements for early detection of subclinical alterations, it is of great interest, which intra- and extra-ocular factors affect the results of OCTA measurements. Here, we performed OCTA imaging of the central retina in 65 eyes of 65 young healthy female and male participants and evaluated individual physical fitness levels by standard lactate diagnostic using an incremental maximal performance running test.

Dopaminergic and serotonergic modulation of social reward appraisal in zebrafish (Danio rerio) under circumstances of motivational conflict: Towards a screening test for anti-compulsive drug action.

Cognitive flexibility, shown to be impaired in patients presenting with compulsions, is dependent on balanced dopaminergic and serotonergic interaction. Towards the development of a zebrafish (Danio rerio) screening test for anti-compulsive drug action, we manipulated social reward appraisal under different contexts by means of dopaminergic (apomorphine) and serotonergic (escitalopram) intervention. Seven groups of zebrafish (n = 6 per group) were exposed for 24 days (1 h per day) to either control (normal tank water), apomorphine (50 or 100 μg/L), escitalopram (500 or 1000 μg/L) or a combination (A100/E500 or A100/E1000 μg/L).

Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance, Self-Esteem and Symptoms of Body-Dysmorphic Disorders among Young Adults.

Beauty and an attractive body shape are particularly important during early adulthood, as both are related to greater mating success, positive social feedback, and higher self-esteem. The media may further influence common features of beauty. We tested whether higher body-dysmorphic disorder (BDD) scores were associated with sociocultural attitudes towards appearance.

The proteasome as a target for protozoan parasites.

: The proteasome is a multi-subunit enzyme complex responsible for the turnover of short-lived, abnormal or damaged proteins in eukaryotic cells. As organisms that undergo rapid growth and cell division, protozoan parasites exist on the knife-edge of proteotoxic catastrophe and thus rely heavily on their protein quality control machinery for survival. Because of this, the proteasome has recently emerged as a desirable drug target.

Crocus Sativus L. (saffron) versus sertraline on symptoms of depression among older people with major depressive disorders-a double-blind, randomized intervention study.

Background: While there is sufficient evidence that Crocus Sativus L. (saffron) improves symptoms of depression in young and middle-aged adults, research on older people are missing. The purpose of the double-blind, randomized intervention study was to compare the effect of saffron and sertraline on MDD among a sample of older people.

Zumba dancing and aerobic exercise can improve working memory, motor function, and depressive symptoms in female patients with Fibromyalgia.

Background: Patients suffering from the Fibromyalgia (FM) have impaired cognitive function, reduced physical activity and more marked depressive symptoms. While physical activity and exercise therapy are not typically part of the standard treatment for this syndrome, there is mounting evidence that regular participation in activities involving physical exertion has a positive impact on psychological functioning in people with FM. This study compares the impact of two different interventions, aerobic exercise training and Zumba dancing, on working memory, motor function and depressive symptoms among female patients with FM.

Neutralising anti-drug antibodies in Fabry disease can inhibit endothelial enzyme uptake and activity.

Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disease, treatable by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) that substitutes deficient α-galactosidase A (AGAL). The formation of neutralising anti-drug antibodies (ADA) inhibiting AGAL activity during infusion is associated with disease progression in affected male patients. In this study we analysed if ADAs also inhibit endothelial enzyme uptake as well as intracellular enzyme activity.

Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) regulates calcium signaling in the vascular endothelium.

The vascular endothelium acts as a selective barrier between the bloodstream and extravascular tissues. Intracellular [Ca] signaling is essential for vasoactive agonist-induced stimulation of endothelial cells (ECs), typically including Ca release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although it is known that interactions of Ca and cAMP as ubiquitous messengers are involved in this process, the individual contribution of cAMP-generating adenylyl cyclases (ACs), including the only soluble AC (sAC; ADCY10), remains less clear.

Effect of Quiet Eye and Quiet Mind Training on Motor Learning Among Novice Dart Players.

In sport such as darts, athletes are particularly challenged by demands for concentration, skills underpinned by implicit learning, and fine motor skill control. Several techniques have been proposed to improve the implicit learning of such skills, including quiet eye training (QET) and quiet mind training (QMT). Here, the authors tested whether and to what extent QET or QMT, compared with a control condition, might improve skills among novice dart players.

The Role of Movement Restrictions in Limiting the Economic Impact of Livestock Infections.

Movements are essential for the economic success of the livestock industry. These movements however bring the risk of long-range spread of infection, potentially bringing infection to previously disease-free areas where subsequent localised transmission can be devastating. Mechanistic predictive models usually consider controls that minimize the number of livestock affected without considering other costs of an ongoing epidemic.

Compared to an active control condition, in persons with multiple sclerosis two different types of exercise training improved sleep and depression, but not fatigue, paresthesia, and intolerance of uncertainty.

Background: In persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), physical activity favorably impacts on psychological well-being. The aims of the present study were to investigate the influence of physical activity on depression, fatigue, sleep, paresthesia, and personality traits (intolerance of uncertainty), and to explore, if endurance training or coordinative training are superior to an active control condition.

Methods: 92 female individuals with MS (mean age: 37.

How toxic is a non-toxic nanomaterial: Behaviour as an indicator of effect in Danio rerio exposed to nanogold.

Gold nanoparticles are used as drug delivery vectors based on the assumption that they have low toxicity. Literature has, however, produced conflicting results over the last few years. As such, this study aimed to investigate the toxicological effects of nanogold (nAu) on several indicators that range from subcellular to whole-organism level.

Synthesis of Indomorphan Pseudo-Natural Product Inhibitors of Glucose Transporters GLUT-1 and -3.

Bioactive compound design based on natural product (NP) structure may be limited because of partial coverage of NP-like chemical space and biological target space. These limitations can be overcome by combining NP-centered strategies with fragment-based compound design through combination of NP-derived fragments to afford structurally unprecedented "pseudo-natural products" (pseudo-NPs). The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a collection of indomorphan pseudo-NPs that combine biosynthetically unrelated indole- and morphan-alkaloid fragments are described.

Calcium-Catalyzed Arene C-H Bond Activation by Low-Valent Al.

The low-valent ß-diketiminate complex ( BDI)Al is stable in benzene but addition of catalytic quantities of [( BDI)CaH] at 20 °C led to ( BDI)Al(Ph)H ( BDI=CH[C(CH )N-DIPP] , DIPP=2,6-diisopropylphenyl). Similar Ca-catalyzed C-H bond activation is demonstrated for toluene or p-xylene. For toluene a remarkable selectivity for meta-functionalization has been observed.

Mapping the evidence about what works to safely reduce the entry of children and young people into statutory care: a systematic scoping review protocol.

Introduction: The increasing number of children and young people entering statutory care in the UK is a significant social, health and educational priority. Development of effective approaches to safely reduce this number remains a complex but critical issue. Despite a proliferation in interventions, evidence summaries are limited.

Favorable impact of long-term exercise on disease symptoms in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Evidence is growing that both short- and long-term physical exercise have the potential to positively impact on the physiological system related to inflammatory indices, though, such patterns are unknown for pediatric patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The aim of the present intervention study was to investigate the influence of a single bout and chronic moderate-intensity exercise on IBD-related inflammatory indices and exercise capacity among pediatric individuals with IBD and healthy controls.

Method: Twenty-one pediatric patients with IBD, split into a "remission-group" (IBD-RE; n = 14) and an "active disease group" (IBD-AD; n = 7), were compared to 23 age matched healthy controls (HC).

Prenatal and Postnatal Hair Steroid Levels Predict Post-Partum Depression 12 Weeks after Delivery.

Background: Within three to six months after delivery, 13%-19% of women suffer from post-partum depression (PPD), understood as a dysfunctional adaptation to the postpartum condition and motherhood. In the present cross-sectional study, we compared the hair steroid levels of women 12 weeks before and after delivery and with or without PPD.

Method: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted twelve weeks after delivery.