Transfer from goal-directed behavior to stimulus-response habits and its modulation by acute stress in individuals with risky gaming behavior.

Habitual responses towards addiction-related cues play a relevant role in the development and maintenance of addictions. Such automatic responses may be more likely under stress, as stress has been shown to induce a shift from goal-directed to habitual behavior. The current study investigated these mechanisms in risky gaming behavior.

Prediction of craving across studies: A commentary on conceptual and methodological considerations when using data-driven methods.

Craving is a central feature of substance use disorders and disorders due to addictive behaviors. Considerable research has investigated neural mechanisms involved in the development and processing of craving. Recently, connectome-based predictive modeling, a data-driven method, has been used in four studies aiming to predict craving related to substance use, addictive behaviors, and food.

The effect of individual differences on Pavlovian conditioning in specific Internet-use disorders.

The I-PACE model suggests that Internet-use disorders result from the interplay of individual vulnerabilities and cognitive and affective processes. As in substance use disorders, Pavlovian conditioning processes are attributed a key role. However, and despite progress in identifying individual vulnerabilities, factors influencing appetitive conditioning remain poorly understood.

[The otolaryngologist's role in evaluating diving fitness].

Scuba diving and other modes of device-supported diving are popular activities that can be especially demanding and hazardous for people with preexisting physical conditions. Due to the high ambient pressure, the temperature differences, and potential unpredictable events, which have manifold effects on the organism, diving carries a high risk of life-threatening disease. A special risk is present if the body does not readily equalize air pressure changes.

Permissive beliefs in the context of gaming, online shopping and alcohol drinking - Systematic development of a self-report measure.

Background: The activation of permissive beliefs is a cognitive mechanism through which individuals permit themselves to engage in pleasurable, yet potentially unregulated activities. Existing measures are heterogenous, focusing either on specific behaviors or on particular licensing mechanisms. The new Permissive Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ) seeks to integrate self-licensing mechanisms from various research domains and to be applicable to different behaviors.

Stress and compulsive buying-shopping disorder: A scoping review.

Introduction: Theoretical frameworks of behavioral addictions mostly acknowledge the role of stress in the development and maintenance of these disorders, models of compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) however rarely incorporated stress. The association between stress and CBSD has not been reviewed yet.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted to evaluate empirical results on the association between stress and CBSD.

Digital mindfulness training and cognitive functions: A preregistered systematic review of neuropsychological findings.

Traditional mindfulness interventions have been frequently reported to be effective in improving cognitive functions. In recent years, however, traditional programs are being increasingly replaced by technology-enabled mindfulness training programs. The aim of the present systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021289480) is to evaluate the research evidence on their effects on cognitive functions.

Regional outcome disparities in German head and neck cancer patients: Shorter survival in Eastern Germany.

Introduction: Demographics are important prognostic factors in malignant diseases. A nationwide analysis concerning the prognostic impact of demographics in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients (HNCP) has not been performed previously.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from the Center for Cancer Registry Data (ZfKD) and the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) between 2002 and 2017 was performed.

Demographics and access to head and neck cancer care in rural areas compared to urban areas in Germany.

Background: Demographic development in rural and urban areas differs substantially. Demographics and access to specialized head and neck cancer centers may affect head and neck cancer patients' (HNCP) outcomes. Here, we compare epidemiological indicators and outcomes of HNCP in rural and urban Germany.

Behavioral addictions in the ICD-11: An important debate that is anticipated to continue for some time.

The Journal of Behavioral Addictions featured a debate on the topic of "behavioral addictions in ICD-11" in 2022. Three main debate papers were published and a total of eleven commentaries. One main topic of considerations in the three debate papers and in the majority of commentaries was compulsive sexual behavior disorder.

Social-networks use as adaptive or maladaptive strategy for coping with stress.

Social networks are frequently used to distract, procrastinate, or cope with stress. We aimed to investigate how (problematic) social-networks use affect stress perception in interaction with different stress recovery conditions. A total of 104 participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups.

Update on treatment studies for compulsive buying-shopping disorder: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) is mentioned as an example of other specified impulse control disorders in the ICD-11 coding tool, highlighting its clinical relevance and need for treatment. The aim of the present work was to provide a systematic update on treatment studies for CBSD, with a particular focus on online CBSD.

Method: The preregistered systematic review (PROSPERO, CRD42021257379) was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement.

Implicit cognitions in problematic social network use.

Implicit cognitions may be involved in the development and maintenance of specific Internet use disorders such as problematic social network use (PSNU). In more detail, implicit attitude, attentional biases, approach and avoidance tendencies as well as semantic memory associations are considered relevant in the context of PSNU. This viewpoint article summarizes the available literature on implicit cognitions in PSNU.

Cue-reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorder.

Background: Gaming disorder (GD) is a disorder due to addictive behaviors (ICD-11). Cue-reactivity and craving are relevant mechanisms in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors. When confronted with cues showing in-game content (proximal cues) individuals with higher symptom severity show increased cue-reactivity.

Connectome-based prediction of craving in gambling disorder and cocaine use disorder.

Introduction: Craving, involving intense and urgent desires to engage in specific behaviours, is a feature of addictions. Multiple studies implicate regions of salience/limbic networks and basal ganglia, fronto-parietal, medial frontal regions in craving in addictions. However, prior studies have not identified common neural networks that reliably predict craving across substance and behavioural addictions.

Predictive power of the DSM-5 criteria for internet use disorder: A CHAID decision-tree analysis.

Introduction: Although the majority of internet users enjoy the internet as a recreational activity, some individuals report problematic internet use behaviors causing negative psychosocial consequences. Therefore, it is important to have precise and valid diagnostic criteria to ensure suitable treatment for those affected and avoid over-pathologization.

Methods: The aim of the present study was to determine which of the nine DSM-5 criteria of internet gaming disorder (IGD) are crucial in distinguish pathological from non-pathological internet use based on the questionnaire-based response behavior of the participants by applying the Chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree analysis.

Telemedicine as bridge to the offline world for person affected with problematic internet use or internet use disorder and concerned significant others.

Introduction: Internet use disorder is a disorder of the digital age and presents a growing problem worldwide It appears that due to structural and personal barriers, many persons affected (PA) and Concerned Significant Others (CSO) do not reach the health care system so far and thus a chronification of the pathology can proceed.

Methods: A telemedicine counseling service for PA and CSO of PA unwilling to enter treatment with two webcam-based sessions of 60 minutes for each group was created with the aim of reaching out to PA and CSO to provide a low-threshold support and refer the participants to the local health care system. Motivational interviewing for PA and CRAFT (Community Reinforcement and Family Training) for CSO were used as methods.

Theoretical conceptualization of online privacy-related decision making - Introducing the tripartite self-disclosure decision model.

Self-disclosures on online social networks have received increased attention in the last two decades. Researchers from different disciplines investigated manifold influencing variables, and studies applied different theories to explain why many users share very sensitive and personal information despite potential risks and negative consequences, whereas others do not. Oftentimes, it is argued that self-disclosure decisions result from a kind of rational "calculus" of risks and benefits.

Functional E3 ligase hotspots and resistance mechanisms to small-molecule degraders.

Targeted protein degradation is a novel pharmacology established by drugs that recruit target proteins to E3 ubiquitin ligases. Based on the structure of the degrader and the target, different E3 interfaces are critically involved, thus forming defined 'functional hotspots'. Understanding disruptive mutations in functional hotspots informs on the architecture of the assembly, and highlights residues susceptible to acquire resistance phenotypes.

Screen Time and Attention Subdomains in Children Aged 6 to 10 Years.

Using digital media has become the most popular leisure activity for children and adolescents. The effects of digital media use on the developing brain and cognitive processes of children are subject to debate. Here, we examine the effect of digital media use on attention subdomains in children aged 6 to 10 years.