Real-time multicompartment Hodgkin-Huxley neuron emulation on SoC FPGA.

Advanced computational models and simulations to unravel the complexities of brain function have known a growing interest in recent years in the field of neurosciences, driven by significant technological progress in computing platforms. Multicompartment models, which capture the detailed morphological and functional properties of neural circuits, represent a significant advancement in this area providing more biological coherence than single compartment modeling. These models serve as a cornerstone for exploring the neural basis of sensory processing, learning paradigms, adaptive behaviors, and neurological disorders.

Acute stress differently modulates interneurons excitability and synaptic plasticity in the primary motor cortex of wild-type and SOD1 mouse model of ALS.

Primary motor cortex (M1) network stability depends on activity of inhibitory interneurons, for which susceptibility to stress was previously demonstrated in limbic regions. Hyperexcitability in M1 following changes in the excitatory/inhibitory balance is a key pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Using electrophysiological approaches, we assessed the impact of acute restraint stress on inhibitory interneurons excitability and global synaptic plasticity in M1 of the SOD1 ALS mouse model at a late pre-symptomatic stage (10-12.

BiœmuS: A new tool for neurological disorders studies through real-time emulation and hybridization using biomimetic Spiking Neural Network.

Characterization and modeling of biological neural networks has emerged as a field driving significant advancements in our understanding of brain function and related pathologies. As of today, pharmacological treatments for neurological disorders remain limited, pushing the exploration of promising alternative approaches such as electroceutics. Recent research in bioelectronics and neuromorphic engineering have fostered the development of the new generation of neuroprostheses for brain repair.

Acute Type B Aortic Dissection: Insights From a Single-Center Retrospective Experience Over 12 Years.

Introduction: The treatment of acute type B aortic dissection (ATBAD) is currently a challenge for vascular surgeons, because of the early morbidity and mortality rates and the high risk of late aortic events up to 50% at 5 years. This study presents the initial outcomes of ATBAD treatment using optimal medical therapy alone or combined with proximal entry tear stent-graft coverage. Additionally, it provides an analysis of the evolution of the aortic diameter and its clinical consequences during the chronic phase in each group.

Editor's Choice - Outcomes of Cold Stored Saphenous Vein Allografts for Haemodialysis Vascular Access.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of cold stored saphenous vein allografts (CSVAs) for haemodialysis vascular access.

Methods: A retrospective, two centre study was conducted between January 2016 and December 2020 of all patients who had CSVA placement for haemodialysis vascular access. Primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency were analysed, as well as procedural complications and re-interventions.

Excitatory action of low frequency depolarizing GABA/glycine synaptic inputs is prevalent in prenatal spinal SOD1 motoneurons.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration and muscle paralysis. Recent evidence suggests the dysfunction of inhibitory signalling in ALS motor neurons. We have shown that embryonic day (E)17.

From real-time single to multicompartmental Hodgkin-Huxley neurons on FPGA for bio-hybrid systems.

Modeling biological neural networks has been a field opening to major advances in our understanding of the mechanisms governing the functioning of the brain in normal and pathological conditions. The emergence of real-time neuromorphic platforms has been leading to a rising significance of bio-hybrid experiments as part of the development of neuromorphic biomedical devices such as neuroprosthesis. To provide a new tool for the neurological disorder characterization, we design real-time single and multicompartmental Hodgkin-Huxley neurons on FPGA.

Chloride Homeostasis in Developing Motoneurons.

Maturation of GABA/Glycine chloride-mediated synaptic inhibitions is crucial for the establishment of a balance between excitation and inhibition. GABA and glycine are excitatory neurotransmitters on immature neurons that exhibit elevated [Cl]. Later in development [Cl] drops leading to the occurrence of inhibitory synaptic activity.

Elective late open conversion after endovascular aneurysm repair is associated with comparable outcomes to primary open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Objective: Three of four patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm are now treated with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). The incidence of secondary procedures and surgical conversions is increasing for a population theoretically unfit for open surgery. The indications and outcomes of late open surgical conversions after EVAR in a high-volume tertiary vascular unit are reported.

Short- and Long-Term Outcomes Following Biological Pericardium Patches Versus Prosthetic Patches for Carotid Endarterectomy: A Retrospective Bicentric Study.

Background: Currently, there are various types of patches available on the market for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with enlargement angioplasty, prosthetic, and biological patches including bovine pericardial patches. Despite the increasing use of these biological patches, there are little data in the literature comparing the results of these 2 types of patch. The purpose of this study is to compare the short- and long-term results of bovine pericardium patches (BPPs) with prosthetic patches (PPs) in carotid thromboendarterectomy.

Implication of 5-HT in the Dysregulation of Chloride Homeostasis in Prenatal Spinal Motoneurons from the G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration and muscle paralysis. The early presymptomatic onset of abnormal processes is indicative of cumulative defects that ultimately lead to a late manifestation of clinical symptoms. It remains of paramount importance to identify the primary defects that underlie this condition and to determine how these deficits lead to a cycle of deterioration.

Relaxation of synaptic inhibitory events as a compensatory mechanism in fetal SOD spinal motor networks.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons (MNs) during late adulthood. Here, with the aim of identifying early changes underpinning ALS neurodegeneration, we analyzed the GABAergic/glycinergic inputs to E17.5 fetal MNs from SOD1 (SOD) mice in parallel with chloride homeostasis.

[Acute and chronic pathologies of the thoracic aorta: From diagnosis to treatment].

Aortic pathologies benefit from imaging innovation and interventional radiology developments in order to improve patient management. At the early phase, vital risk should be considered. Whole body CT scan evaluate the complete aorta and its branches to assess the pathology and to choose the best approach between surgery or interventional radiology (fenestration, stentgraft, peripheral stenting).

Persistent Sodium Current Drives Excitability of Immature Renshaw Cells in Early Embryonic Spinal Networks.

Spontaneous network activity (SNA) emerges in the spinal cord (SC) before the formation of peripheral sensory inputs and central descending inputs. SNA is characterized by recurrent giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs). Because GDPs in motoneurons (MNs) are mainly evoked by prolonged release of GABA, they likely necessitate sustained firing of interneurons.

Depolarizing GABA/glycine synaptic events switch from excitation to inhibition during frequency increases.

By acting on their ionotropic chloride channel receptors, GABA and glycine represent the major inhibitory transmitters of the central nervous system. Nevertheless, in various brain structures, depolarizing GABAergic/glycinergic postsynaptic potentials (dGPSPs) lead to dual inhibitory (shunting) and excitatory components, the functional consequences of which remain poorly acknowledged. Indeed, the extent to which each component prevails during dGPSP is unclear.

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair: A single center's 15-year experience.

Objective: Specific complications of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) exist and long-term data are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our long-term TEVAR results.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study of 223 patients undergoing TEVAR from 1998 to 2013.

Nonsynaptic glycine release is involved in the early KCC2 expression.

The cation-chloride co-transporters are important regulators of the cellular Cl(-) homeostasis. Among them the Na(+) -K(+) -2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) is responsible for intracellular chloride accumulation in most immature brain structures, whereas the K(+) -Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) extrudes chloride from mature neurons, ensuring chloride-mediated inhibitory effects of GABA/glycine. We have shown that both KCC2 and NKCC1 are expressed at early embryonic stages (E11.

Outcomes of cold-stored venous allograft for below-knee bypasses in patients with critical limb ischemia.

Objective: Critical limb ischemia (CLI), the most advanced form of peripheral arterial disease, is associated with strikingly high morbidity and mortality rates. Autogenous single-segment great saphenous vein (GSV) remains the optimal conduit for infrainguinal revascularization. Unfortunately, GSV is unavailable in up to 20% of patients.

Minimum 10-year follow-up of endovascular repair for acute traumatic transection of the thoracic aorta.

Objective: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for traumatic rupture of the descending thoracic aorta seems, in the short term, to be associated with better outcomes than open repair, but long-term data are lacking.

Methods: A review was conducted of a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent TEVAR for traumatic rupture of the descending thoracic aorta in our unit, with a minimum 10-year follow-up. Follow-up computed tomography scans were performed at 1 week, 3 and 6 months, and annually thereafter.

Experimental evaluation of complete endovascular arch reconstruction by in situ retrograde fenestration.

Background: The aim of this experimental study was to assess the feasibility of complete endovascular arch reconstruction by in situ retrograde fenestration and to investigate the impact of stent-graft material on stent-graft fenestrations.

Methods: The experiments were performed using 8 cadaveric human thoracic aortas (aortic arch) using 2 different stent-graft types: woven polyester (Valiant Captivia; Medtronic Vascular, Santa Rosa, CA) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (conformable [C]-TAG; W.L.

Acetylcholine controls GABA-, glutamate-, and glycine-dependent giant depolarizing potentials that govern spontaneous motoneuron activity at the onset of synaptogenesis in the mouse embryonic spinal cord.

A remarkable feature of early neuronal networks is their endogenous ability to generate spontaneous rhythmic electrical activity independently of any external stimuli. In the mouse embryonic SC, this activity starts at an embryonic age of ∼ 12 d and is characterized by bursts of action potentials recurring every 2-3 min. Although these bursts have been extensively studied using extracellular recordings and are known to play an important role in motoneuron (MN) maturation, the mechanisms driving MN activity at the onset of synaptogenesis are still poorly understood.

VEGF modulates synaptic activity in the developing spinal cord.

Although it has been documented that the nervous and the vascular systems share numerous analogies and are closely intermingled during development and pathological processes, interactions between the two systems are still poorly described. In this study, we investigated whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is a key regulator of vascular development, also modulates neuronal developmental processes. We report that VEGF enhances the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/glycinergic but not glutamatergic synaptic activity in embryonic spinal motoneurons (MNs), without affecting MNs excitability.

Embryonic alteration of motoneuronal morphology induces hyperexcitability in the mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Although amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an age-dependent fatal neurodegenerative disease in which upper and lower motoneurons (MNs) are targeted for death in adults, increasing lines of evidence indicate that MNs display physiological and morphological abnormalities during postnatal development, long before disease onset. Here, using transgenic mice overexpressing the G93A mutation of the human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1), we show that SOD1(G93A) embryonic lumbar E17.5 MNs already expressed abnormal morphometric parameters, including a deep reduction of their terminal segments length.

Improvement in conformability of the latest generation of thoracic stent grafts.

Objective: Poor aortic arch apposition increases the risk of technical failure after thoracic endovascular repair. The aim of this study was to assess the conformability of the latest generation of thoracic stent grafts in relation to the degree of device oversizing and aortic arch angulation.

Methods: A benchtop pulsatile flow model was designed to test stent graft anchorage in a 2-cm-long proximal landing zone at varying landing zone angles (from 140° down to 70°) and stent graft oversizing (12%-28%).