Clinical epidemiology of gallbladder cancer in North-Central India and association of immunological markers, NLR, MLR and PLR in the diagnostic/prognostic prediction of GBC.

Introduction: The incidence of Gallbladder Cancer (GBC) is found to be increasing in the rural populations of north-central India. Role of multiple demographic factors, including poor socio-economic conditions, illiteracy and miserable primary healthcare services appear to be significant factors for this increase. Here, we aim to assess the present status of GBC in north-central India and evaluate the role of immunological markers in its management.

Integrated genomic analysis reveals mutated ELF3 as a potential gallbladder cancer vaccine candidate.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive gastrointestinal malignancy with no approved targeted therapy. Here, we analyze exomes (n = 160), transcriptomes (n = 115), and low pass whole genomes (n = 146) from 167 gallbladder cancers (GBCs) from patients in Korea, India and Chile. In addition, we also sequence samples from 39 GBC high-risk patients and detect evidence of early cancer-related genomic lesions.

Antibacterial and catalytic activity of biogenic gold nanoparticles synthesised by .

This study reveals the antibacterial and catalytic activity of biogenic gold nanoparicles (AuNPs) synthesised by biomass of . The antibacterial activity of AuNPs was analysed by the means of growth curve, well diffusion and colony forming unit (CFU) count methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration of AuNPs was 20 µg/ml.

Telomere length variation and expression analysis of shelterin complex genes during gallbladder carcinogenesis.

Background: Telomeres, which are bound with shelterin protein complex, play an important role in maintaining genomic stability and its dysfunction may lead to carcinogenesis. Here, we aimed to analyze whether shelterin complex gene expression and telomere length variation, play any role in gallbladder carcinogenesis.

Methods: Telomere length analysis was carried out by monochrome multiplex qPCR, whereas expression analysis of shelterin genes was carried out using RT-qPCR.

Epigenetic Downregulation of PTEN in Gallbladder Cancer.

Purpose: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is becoming a global health problem. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), also known as guardian gene of cancer, encodes a protein, which dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) triphosphate {PtdIns (3,4,5) P3 } into phosphatidylinositol (4,5) diphosphate {PtdIns (4,5) P2} that results in the inhibition of AKT/PKB signaling pathway. PTEN plays a key role in the pathogenesis of various cancers.

Epigenetic regulation of in the molecular pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer.

Background & Objectives: Loss of function of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) has been reported in cancer. The two promoters of APC, 1A and 1B also have roles in cancer. But, the epigenetic role of APC promoters is not yet clear in gallbladder cancer (GBC) and gallstone diseases (GSD).

Catalytic degradation of methylene blue by biosynthesised copper nanoflowers using leaf extract.

This study reports the unprecedented, novel and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) copper nanostructure having flower like morphology using leaf extract of . The catalytic activity of copper nanoflowers (CuNFs) was investigated against methylene blue (MB) used as a modal dye pollutant. Scanning electron micrograph evidently designated 3D appearance of nanoflowers within a size range from 250 nm to 2.

Global methylation profiling to identify epigenetic signature of gallbladder cancer and gallstone disease.

Promoter methylation in various tumor suppressor genes is reported to influence gallbladder carcinogenesis. Here, we aimed to identify methylation status in gallbladder cancer (GBC) by performing a comprehensive genome-wide DNA methylation profiling. The methylation status of 485,577 CpG sites were investigated using Illumina's Infinium Human Methylation 450 BeadChip array in 24 tissues (eight each of tumor, adjacent non-tumor, and gallstone).

Dysfunction of subtelomeric methylation and telomere length in gallstone disease and gallbladder cancer patients of North Central India.

Background: Telomeres play an important role in cancer progression. Recently it has been shown that subtelomeric methylation negatively regulates telomere length in various diseases, including cancers. Here, we evaluated the influence of subtelomeric methylation in telomere dysfunction in gallbladder cancer (GBC), and whether this dysfunction is affected by the presence of gallstones.

Epigenetic profiling of gallbladder cancer and gall stone diseases: Evaluation of role of tumour associated genes.

Background: As on today, the global mortality rate of gallbladder cancer is still very high. Both genetic and epigenetic alterations play pivotal roles in the development of cancer. We selected seven tumour associated genes, implicated in other cancers, to assess their methylation status in gallbladder cancer and gallstone diseases.

Quantitative Assessment of Expression of Lactate Dehydrogenase and its Isoforms 3 and 4 may Serve as Useful Indicators of Progression of Gallbladder Cancer: A Pilot Study.

We have studied the expression of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoforms in gall bladder cancer, cholelithiasis and chronic cholecystitis. Quantitative and qualitative assays of lactate dehydrogenase and its various isoforms were carried out in the blood sera of patients and healthy controls along with parallel estimation of various liver function test enzymes. Statistical analysis was done using the software Graph Pad Prism.