A history of depression and prenatal depression are associated with a lower likelihood of breastfeeding initiation and maintenance, and more breastfeeding problems.

Purpose: This study tests the hypotheses that lifetime history of depression, and prenatal depression, are associated with a reduced likelihood of breastfeeding initiation (giving the baby any breastmilk during the first week of life) and breastfeeding maintenance (giving the baby breastmilk for at least 6 months), and a greater likelihood of reporting breastfeeding problems.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study (MoBa), N = 78,307. Mothers reported a lifetime history of depression during the second trimester of pregnancy, and current symptoms of depression during the third trimester using the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist short version (SCL-8).

Development of the ARENA training programme for resilient performance in defense and security settings.

Defense and Security Personnel (DSP) often have to operate in the presence of stressful demands. Prior research has identified factors and processes associated with DSP being able to perform resiliently in demanding situations and settings. The aim of the present study was to develop a resilient performance training programme for UK defense and security operators.

Interventions for reducing anticholinergic medication burden in older adults-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Anticholinergic medications block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain and peripheral nervous system. Many medications have anticholinergic properties, and the cumulative effect of these medications is termed anticholinergic burden. Increased anticholinergic burden can have short-term side effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision and urinary retention as well as long-term effects including dementia, worsening physical function and falls.

"Make it the done thing": an exploration of attitudes towards rest breaks, productivity and wellbeing while working from home.

Objective: Taking regular rest breaks while working positively impacts productivity and wellbeing. While home and hybrid working styles have become a popular choice for employees, the impact of, and perceptions towards, taking breaks while working at home is poorly understood. The current research aimed to explore attitudes towards taking rest breaks while working from home and capture levels of breaks taken, wellbeing and productivity in a sample of UK white-collar workers.

Iron Sulfate and Phosphorous Acid Affect Turfgrass Surface pH and Microdochium Patch Severity on Annual Bluegrass.

Microdochium patch is a turfgrass disease caused by the fungal pathogen Iron sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO•7HO) and phosphorous acid (HPO) applications have previously been shown to suppress Microdochium patch on annual bluegrass putting greens when applied alone, although either disease suppression was inadequate or turfgrass quality was reduced from the applications. A field experiment was conducted in Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.

Child DNA methylation in a randomised controlled trial of a video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting and sensitive discipline (VIPP-SD).

Introduction: A major modifiable risk factor for behavioural difficulties is harsh and insensitive parenting, and it has been hypothesised that the biological mechanism by which parenting influences child behaviour is changes in the child's DNA methylation. We attempted to, in part, address the hypothesis that parenting is associated with child DNA methylation and, in turn, behaviour.

Methods: Primary caregivers of young children with behavioural difficulties (children aged 12-36 months) were randomised to receive a video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) ( = 151), or usual care ( = 149).

A systematic review of resilient performance in defence and security settings.

A narrative systematic literature review was conducted to explore resilient performance in defence and security settings. A search strategy was employed across a total of five databases, searching published articles from 2001 onwards that assessed performance and optimal function in relation to resilience, in defence and security personnel. Following narrative synthesis, studies were assessed for quality.

The Developing Human Connectome Project Neonatal Data Release.

The Developing Human Connectome Project has created a large open science resource which provides researchers with data for investigating typical and atypical brain development across the perinatal period. It has collected 1228 multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain datasets from 1173 fetal and/or neonatal participants, together with collateral demographic, clinical, family, neurocognitive and genomic data from 1173 participants, together with collateral demographic, clinical, family, neurocognitive and genomic data. All subjects were studied and/or soon after birth on a single MRI scanner using specially developed scanning sequences which included novel motion-tolerant imaging methods.

Breast may not always be best: moderation of effects of postnatal depression by breastfeeding and infant sex.

Background: There is good evidence that female infants are particularly vulnerable to poor emotional outcomes following in utero glucocorticoid exposure. It is currently unclear whether such effects might persist into the postnatal period for breastfed infants, as maternal cortisol is expressed in breastmilk and is influenced by maternal psychological distress. We pre-registered hypotheses that maternal postnatal depression would be associated with infant negative emotionality, and that this effect would be moderated by breastfeeding status and infant sex.

Changes in maternal cortisol, cortisol binding globulin and cortisone levels following diagnosis of fetal anomaly.

The diagnosis of fetal anomaly can be a major stressor to the expectant mother. Current understanding of the relationship between psychological stress and cortisol in pregnancy is limited. This study examined: (1) differences in the ratio of serum cortisol to cortisol binding globulin (SC/CBG) and cortisone levels among women with and without a diagnosis of fetal anomaly, (2) the association between self-reported stress and cortisol from mid to late pregnancy, and (3) the agreement between two different techniques for analyzing cortisol: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and radioimmunoassay (RIA).

Reliability of an automated gaze-controlled paradigm for capturing neural responses during visual and face processing in toddlerhood.

Electroencephalography (EEG) has substantial potential value for examining individual differences during early development. Current challenges in developmental EEG research include high dropout rates and low trial numbers, which may in part be due to passive stimulus presentation. Comparability is challenged by idiosyncratic processing pipelines.

Maternal and paternal depression and child mental health trajectories: evidence from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Background: The relationships between offspring depression profiles across adolescence and different timings of parental depression during the perinatal period remain unknown.

Aims: To explore different timings of maternal and paternal perinatal depression in relation to patterns of change in offspring depressive mood over a 14 year period.

Method: Data were obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

Patients' perception of colonoscopy and acceptance of colonoscopy based IBD related colorectal cancer surveillance.

Objectives: Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are at an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Current surveillance for CRC involves often uncomfortable colonoscopy. To assess IBD patients' perception of colonoscopy and examine preferences for hypothetical alternatives.

Social attention: What is it, how can we measure it, and what can it tell us about autism and ADHD?

Neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect 2-10% of children worldwide but are still poorly understood. Prospective studies of infants with an elevated familial likelihood of ASD or ADHD can provide insight into early mechanisms that canalize development down a typical or atypical course. Such work holds potential for earlier identification and intervention to support optimal outcomes in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Paternal Psychological Stress After Detection of Fetal Anomaly During Pregnancy. A Prospective Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background And Aims: Knowledge of carrying a fetus with a prenatal diagnosed anomaly may cause acute psychological stress to the parents. Most studies focus on maternal stress, yet fathers are often present at the ultrasound examinations and birth, and therefore may be affected, similarly, to the expectant mother. However, to date no existing studies have examined how detection of a fetal anomaly emotionally affects the expectant fathers throughout the pregnancy.

Dynamic modulation of frontal theta power predicts cognitive ability in infancy.

Cognitive ability is a key factor that contributes to individual differences in life trajectories. Identifying early neural indicators of later cognitive ability may enable us to better elucidate the mechanisms that shape individual differences, eventually aiding identification of infants with an elevated likelihood of less optimal outcomes. A previous study associated a measure of neural activity (theta EEG) recorded at 12-months with non-verbal cognitive ability at ages two, three and seven in individuals with older siblings with autism (Jones et al.

Sex differences in foetal origins of child emotional symptoms: a test of evolutionary hypotheses in a large, general population cohort.

Background: Based on previous findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study (WCHADS), and on evolutionary hypotheses, we preregistered analyses of data from a large epidemiological sample (https://osf.io/fn5g9/register/564d31db8c5e4a7c9694b2be), to test for sex-dependent moderation by prenatal maternal depressive symptoms of the association between postnatal maternal depressive symptoms and child emotional problems.

Methods: A total of 8,354 mothers and children were followed from pregnancy to 3.

Cognitive appraisals and team performance under stress: A simulation study.

Objectives: The present study explored how challenge and threat responses to stress relate to performance, anxiety, confidence, team identity and team characteristics (time spent in training and postgraduate experience) in a medical simulation-based team competition.

Methods: The study was conducted during a national simulation-based training event for residents, the SIMCUP Italia 2018. The SIMCUP is a simulation competition in which teams of four compete in simulated medical emergency scenarios.

Sex-dependent associations between maternal prenatal cortisol and child callous-unemotional traits: Findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study.

Background: Elevated maternal glucocorticoids during pregnancy may impact on fetal development in a sex-dependent way, leading to increased amygdala activation and increased risk for internalising disorders in females. Based on evidence implicating reduced amygdala activation in callous-unemotional (CU) traits, we predicted that elevated maternal cortisol in pregnancy would be associated with lower CU traits and elevated anxious-depressed symptoms, only in girls.

Methods: Participants were 225 members of a stratified subsample within an epidemiological longitudinal cohort (WCHADS).

A randomized, controlled trial of video supplementation on the cataract surgery informed consent process.

Purpose: To assess the effects of the American Academy of Ophthalmology's 2015 patient education video on patient information retention and anxiety preoperatively, on the day of surgery and postoperatively.

Methods: This is a prospective, surgeon-blinded randomized controlled trial at the University of Chicago Medical Center. Ninety-one patients with a diagnosis of first-eye cataract were randomized into either a video or control group.

Predictions of children's emotionality from evolutionary and epigenetic hypotheses.

Sex-dependent effects of mismatched prenatal-postnatal maternal conditions are predicted by combining two evolutionary hypotheses: that foetal conditions provide a forecast of likely postnatal environments (Predictive Adaptive Response), and that the female foetus is better adapted than the male to maternal adversity (Trivers-Willard hypothesis). Animal studies have implicated glucocorticoid mechanisms modifiable by effects of postnatal tactile stimulation on glucocorticoid receptor gene expression. In this study we examined behavioural predictions in humans based on these evolutionary and epigenetic models.

Correction to: Salivary cortisol response to infant distress in pregnant women with depressive symptoms.

The article Salivary cortisol response to infant distress in pregnant women with depressive symptoms, written by Susannah E. Murphy, Elizabeth C. Braithwaite, Isabelle Hubbard, Kate V.

Reimbursement Incentives to Improve Adherence to Follow-Up of Cervical Cancer Cytology Screening Results in Peru.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine Peruvian women's attitudes toward novel reimbursement incentives used to improve adherence to obtaining cervical cytology test results.

Materials And Methods: Women presenting for cervical cancer screening in Peru completed a 34-item Investigational Review Board-approved questionnaire. The questionnaire determined their attitudes toward various reimbursement incentives to improve adherence to obtaining cervical cytology results.