Radial artery pseudoaneurysm following wrist trauma. A case report of a rare condition.

In the presence of limb trauma, the appearance of local edema should always be carefully examined by Orthopaedics surgeons. A post-traumatic wrist swelling without fracture could even lead to serious pathologies and relative sequelaes. These include the radial artery pseudoaneurysm.

Traumatic Sacral Fractures: Navigation Technique in Instrumented Stabilization.

Background: Sacral fractures are a challenge regarding treatment and classification. Surgical techniques using spinal navigation systems can improve treatment, especially if used in collaboration among different specialists.

Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, we treated 25 consecutive cases of sacral fracture.

A GBM-like V-ATPase signature directs cell-cell tumor signaling and reprogramming via large oncosomes.

Background: The V-ATPase proton pump controls acidification of intra and extra-cellular milieu in both physiological and pathological conditions. We previously showed that some V-ATPase subunits are enriched in glioma stem cells and in patients with poor survival. In this study, we investigated how expression of a GBM-like V-ATPase pump influences the non-neoplastic brain microenvironment.

Transglutaminase 2 Mediates the Cytotoxicity of Resveratrol in a Human Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Cell Lines.

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound extracted from plants and is also a constituent of red wine. Our aim was to evaluate if the cytotoxic effect of resveratrol (RES) on cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and gallbladder cancer (GBC) cell lines could be abolished by TG2 inhibition. Human CC and GBC cell lines (SK-ChA-1 and MZ-ChA-1), grown in a three-dimensional cell culture system (MCTS, multicellular tumor spheroids), were treated for 72 h with RES (32, 64 µM) alone or combined with different TG2 inhibitors (Cystamine, B003, T101).

Recurrent NAB2-STAT6 gene fusions and oestrogen receptor-α expression in pulmonary adenofibromas.

Aims: Pulmonary adenofibromas are rare benign fibroepithelial tumours of the lung with unknown histogenesis and an indolent clinical behaviour. Their stroma resembles that of solitary fibrous tumours, whereas the glands are composed of respiratory epithelium organized in a phyllodes-like architecture. Differentiation of pulmonary adenofibromas from other more aggressive intrathoracic tumours is clinically relevant.

Iron citrate reduces high phosphate-induced vascular calcification by inhibiting apoptosis.

Background And Aims: High phosphate-induced vascular calcification (VC) and iron deficiency-induced anemia are two major contributors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Since phosphate (Pi) control and iron replacement are common therapies in CKD, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of iron on high Pi-induced VC in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

Methods: We treated VSMCs with 5 mM Pi and iron citrate (Fe) to evaluate Ca deposition by Alizarin Red destaining, DNA fragmentation by ELISA, gene expression by RT-PCR and protein expression by Western blot.

Impaired gut junctional complexes feature late-treated individuals with suboptimal CD4+ T-cell recovery upon virologically suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: HIV-infected individuals with incomplete CD4⁺ T-cell recovery upon combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) display high levels of immune activation and microbial translocation. However, whether a link exists between gut damage and poor immunological reconstitution remains unknown.

Design: Cross-sectional study of the gastrointestinal tract in late cART-treated HIV-infected individuals: 15 immunological nonresponders (CD4⁺ <350 cells/μl and/or delta CD4⁺ change from baseline <30%); 15 full responders (CD4⁺ >350 cells/μl and/or delta CD4⁺ change from baseline >30%).

A new in vitro model to delay high phosphate-induced vascular calcification progression.

An increasing amount of patients affected by advanced chronic kidney disease suffer from vascular calcification (VC) that associates with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this study, we created a new experimental in vitro model, trying to better elucidate high phosphate (Pi)-induced VC pathogenic mechanisms. Rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were challenged for 7-10 days with high Pi with a repeated and short suspensions of high Pi treatment (intermittent suspension, IS) that was able to induce a significant inhibition of high Pi calcification, maximal at 5 h.

Hepatic fibrinogen storage disease: identification of two novel mutations (p.Asp316Asn, fibrinogen Pisa and p.Gly366Ser, fibrinogen Beograd) impacting on the fibrinogen γ-module.

Background: Quantitative fibrinogen deficiencies (hypofibrinogenemia and afibrinogenemia) are rare congenital disorders characterized by low/unmeasurable plasma fibrinogen antigen levels. Their genetic basis is invariably represented by mutations within the fibrinogen genes (FGA, FGB and FGG coding for the Aα, Bβ and γ chains). Currently, only four mutations (p.

A histological procedure to study fungal infection in the wax moth Galleria mellonella.

The invertebrate model Galleria mellonella is a widely used factitious host to study the microbial pathogenesis in vivo. However, a specific procedure for the recovery and the processing of the infected tissues, important for a better understanding of the host-pathogen interactions, has not been reported to our knowledge. In the present study we describe a new procedure of fixation and processing of larval tissue that allows studying the larval topographic anatomy and assessing the morphological changes due to the fungal infection.

Correlation between Candida albicans biofilm formation and invasion of the invertebrate host Galleria mellonella.

Aim: The aim of our study was to investigate whether biofilm production by Candida albicans clinical isolates could be a hallmark of virulence in vivo.

Materials & Methods: Twenty clinical isolates of C. albicans were examined via histological studies on larvae infected with various fungal doses (from 10(3) to 10(5) CFU/larva) of biofilm producer and nonproducer strains.

Complementary populations of human adipose CD34+ progenitor cells promote growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of breast cancer.

Obesity is associated with an increased frequency, morbidity, and mortality of several types of neoplastic diseases, including postmenopausal breast cancer. We found that human adipose tissue contains two populations of progenitors with cooperative roles in breast cancer. CD45(-)CD34(+)CD31(+)CD13(-)CCRL2(+) endothelial cells can generate mature endothelial cells and capillaries.

Lanthanum prevents high phosphate-induced vascular calcification by preserving vascular smooth muscle lineage markers.

Vascular calcification (VC) represents a major cardiovascular risk factor in chronic kidney disease patients. High phosphate (Pi) levels are strongly associated with VC in this population. Therefore, Pi binders are commonly used to control high Pi levels.

Immunohistochemical expression of oncological proliferation markers in the hearts of rats during normal pregnancy.

Aim: Pregnancy is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy that is potentially accounted for by cardiomyocyte proliferation, although no such evidence is currently available. This study investigates if the left ventricular mass (LVM) increase during pregnancy implies cell hyperplasia.

Materials & Methods: In nonpregnant and late-pregnant rats, cardiac function and LVM were evaluated by MRI, and cardiomyocyte dimensions and proliferations were assessed quantitatively by morphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry using oncological markers (Ki67 and MCM2).

Primary extra-cranial meningioma of head and neck: clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical study of three cases.

Extracranial meningiomas of the head and neck region are rare neoplasms, the majority being a secondary location of a primary intracranial tumour. We herewith report three rare cases of extracranial meningiomas, located in the temporal muscle, parotid gland and nasal cavity, together with complete pathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Prognosis of this tumour is generally excellent.

Organization, achievement and results of a pelvis surgery center.

Introduction: Pelvic fractures are not frequent, yet severe injuries, often associated to other lesions. Well defined diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are lacking, and their economical assessment is inadequate. The goal of this study is to propose the organization of a multidisciplinary center that can develop diagnosis, treatment, and follow up protocols.

Schwann cell hamartoma: case report.

Background: Colorectal polyps of mesenchymal origin represent a small percentage of gastrointestinal (GI) lesions. Nevertheless, they are encountered with increasing frequency since the widespread adoption of colonoscopy screening.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a small colonic polyp that presented as intramucosal diffuse spindle cell proliferation with a benign cytological appearance, strong and diffuse immunoreactivity for S-100 protein, and pure Schwann cell phenotype.

Autophagy in term normal human placentas.

Autophagy is an inducible catabolic process that responds to environment and is essential for cell survival during stress, starvation and hypoxia. Its function in the human placenta it is not yet understood. We collected 14 placentas: 7 at vaginal delivery and 7 at elective caesarean section after uneventful term pregnancies.

Helicobacter pylori-negative Russell body gastritis: case report.

Russell body gastritis is an unusual form of chronic gastritis characterized by the permeation of lamina propria by numerous plasma cells with eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions. Very few cases have been reported in the literature; the majority of which have shown Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) infection, thus suggesting a correlation between plasma cell presence and antigenic stimulation by H.

Combined small-cell carcinoma of the lung with quadripartite differentiation of epithelial, neuroendocrine, skeletal muscle, and myofibroblastic type.

The combined variant of small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) refers to the variable admixture of small cell and non-small cell carcinoma, whereas the association with sarcoma or sarcoma-like elements is exceedingly rare. A 76-year-old Caucasian man underwent right upper lobectomy with regional lymphadenectomy because of a symptomatic 7 cm-sized tumor mass. Formalin fixed-paraffin embedded material was used to highlight several differentiation cell lineages by means of immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and mutational assay.

Circulating perivascular progenitors: a target of PDGFR inhibition.

Cancer blood vessels consist of two interacting types of cells: inner lining endothelial cells (ECs) and surrounding perivascular cells (pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells or mural cells). PDGFRbeta(CD140b)+ progenitor perivascular cells (PPC) can differentiate into pericytes and regulate vessel stability and vascular survival in tumors. Similarly to what we have done with circulating ECs and progenitors, we developed a flow cytometry procedure for the enumeration of circulating PPCs and the study of their viability in murine models of cancer and in cancer patients.

Beneficial effects of treatment with transglutaminase inhibitor cystamine on the severity of inflammation in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a socially and clinically relevant disorder, characterized by intestinal chronic inflammation. Cystamine (CysN) is a multipotent molecule with healthy effects and, moreover, it is an inhibitor of transglutaminases (TGs), including the TG type 2 (TG2), an enzyme with pleiotropic functions, involved in different pathways of inflammation and central in the pathogenesis of some human disorders as the IBD. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of CysN in an IBD rat model.

Imaging analysis of the gliadin direct effect on tight junctions in an in vitro three-dimensional Lovo cell line culture system.

Tight junctions play a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Their alteration is involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Our aim was to investigate the gliadin effect on the tight junction proteins in an in vitro three-dimensional cell culture model through imaging analyses.

The carbonyl scavenger carnosine ameliorates dyslipidaemia and renal function in Zucker obese rats.

The metabolic syndrome is a risk factor that increases the risk for development of renal and vascular complications. This study addresses the effects of chronic administration of the endogenous dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine, L-CAR) and of its enantiomer (β-alanyl-D-histidine, D-CAR) on hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, advanced glycation end products, advanced lipoxidation end products formation and development of nephropathy in the non-diabetic, Zucker obese rat. The Zucker rats received a daily dose of L-CAR or D-CAR (30 mg/kg in drinking water) for 24 weeks.