Rhinasthma: a new specific QoL questionnaire for patients with rhinitis and asthma.

Introduction: To date we have available specific instruments assessing health-related quality of life (HRQL) in rhinoconjunctivitis or in asthma, but not instruments evaluating rhinitis and asthma together, although they often coexist. The aim of our study was to develop and validate a specific quality of life (QoL) questionnaire for adult patients with rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma or both.

Materials And Methods: A pool of 42 items covering the main symptoms and problems related to respiratory allergy, was generated based on literature review and clinical experience.

Oral and sublingual immunotherapy: general aspects and critical considerations.

Local routes for immunotherapy (IT) such as oral (OIT) and sublingual (SLIT) have the primary aim of avoiding or minimizing the risk of adverse events and of improving the compliance of the patients with IT itself. About the possible mechanisms of action, only few information are available since local IT has been deeply studied only in the last ten years. The current data about pharmacokinetics are controversial and not conclusive, since they are mostly derived from animal models.

Mixed infection by Staphylococcus and Candida, and Wegener's granulomatosis.

We describe the case of a patient who initially presented with pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus and Candida parapsilosis, which was resolved with antibiotic treatment, but reappeared 6 months later as full-blown Wegener's granulomatosis. The possible pathogenetic correlations between infective agents, in particular Staphylococcus aureus and Candida, and Wegener's granulomatosis are discussed.