Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome in a Group of Patients in Two Ophthalmology Referral Centers in Bogotá, Colombia.

Purpose: To describe the clinical presentation of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in a group of patients in Colombia.

Methods: Retrospective review of 2638 medical records of patients with uveitis in two centers during 17 years.

Results: A total of 25 patients with uveitis were diagnosed with VKH syndrome (0.

Transcranial Doppler in autonomic testing: standards and clinical applications.

When cerebral blood flow falls below a critical limit, syncope occurs and, if prolonged, ischemia leads to neuronal death. The cerebral circulation has its own complex finely tuned autoregulatory mechanisms to ensure blood supply to the brain can meet the high metabolic demands of the underlying neuronal tissue. This involves the interplay between myogenic and metabolic mechanisms, input from noradrenergic and cholinergic neurons, and the release of vasoactive substrates, including adenosine from astrocytes and nitric oxide from the endothelium.

Failure of antiepileptic drugs in controlling seizures in epilepsy: What do we do next?

Medically intractable epilepsy is a clinical condition of concern that arises when a patient with epilepsy suffers seizures, despite a trial of two or more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) suitable for the type of epilepsy that are prescribed at maximum tolerated doses, does not achieve control of seizures. This diagnosis could be related to cortical dysplasias. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl with a previous normal neurological development and no family history of epilepsy who presented with focal-type seizures at age 4.