Contribution of cultural heritage values to steppe conservation on ancient burial mounds of Eurasia.

Civilizations, including ancient ones, have shaped global ecosystems in many ways through coevolution of landscapes and humans. However, the cultural legacies of ancient and lost civilizations are rarely considered in the conservation of the Eurasian steppe biome. We used a data set containing more than 1000 records on localities, land cover, protection status, and cultural values related to ancient steppic burial mounds (kurgans); we evaluated how these iconic and widespread landmarks can contribute to grassland conservation in the Eurasian steppes, which is one of the most endangered biomes on Earth.

[The structure of blood gut microbiota markers in athletes and their relationship with the diet].

It is known that under conditions of ultra-high physical activity and a specific diet, the state of the microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining the health, metabolic and energy status of athletes. of the study was to evaluate the composition of blood microbial markers in professional football players and physically active people and their correlation with diets in order to substantiate recommendations for their optimization. .

[Role of tomatoes and products thereof in human healthy diet].

Tomatoes are an essential part of the diet. Epidemiological studies have established a link between the consumption of tomatoes, which contain carotenoids, and a reduction in the risk of diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Ripe tomato fruits are dark red in color due to the carotenoid lycopene, which is synthesized during fruit ripening.

[Intestinal microbiote of athletes].

The intestinal microbiota, due to new data on its functions obtained in the last decade, has become a new target point of influence on the organism. However, nowadays knowledge about the possible impact of physical activity and sports on the composition of the gut microbiota and, as a result, on the organism is limited. of this review was to summarize current knowledge about the gut microbiota of healthy people with different levels of physical activity (from athletes to physically inactive people), and to identify patterns in the composition of the microbiota of various surveyed groups.

[Substantiation of possibility of use GABA-receptor's chloride channel blockers for modelling of the temporal epilepsy].

In work the review of some clinik-morphological and pharmacological researches devoted to a temporal epilepsy and its experimental models is resulted. On the basis of the analysis of existing problems in working out antiepileptic drugs and in studying of mechanisms epilepsy necessity of development of new chronic experimental models of a temporal epilepsy is proved. The basic criteria of experimental model of a temporal epilepsy are generalised.

[Ultrastructure of optic nerve fibers in rabbits after intravitreal infusion of perfluoroorganic compounds].

Ultrastructure of optic nerve myelinated fibers after intravitreal infusion of perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB) and perfluorodecaline (PFD) for 30 days was studied in rabbits (n = 14). After inraocular administration of PFOB, the ultrastructural changes of optic nerve fibers were mainly reactive in nature. Mitochondrial swelling and partial destruction of cristae were detected in the axons.

[Ethylene-induced activation of xylanase in adventitious roots of maize as a response to the stress effect of root submersion].

Submersion of roots of ten-day-old maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings was accompanied by a decrease in pO2 and an increase in pCO2 of the medium adjacent to roots. These changes stimulated ethylene evolution in intact plants.

[Structural basis for the regulation of the neuronal sensitivity].

Using light and electron microscopy structural bases for intracellular, extracellular and integrative regulation of synaptic efficiency and neuron sensitivity were established in rat sensomotor cortex. Intracellular regulation is realized basically through modulation of postsynaptic components of the synapse, while extracellular one is provided by synaptic endings of "recurrent" axons on GABA-ergic relay and interneurons. Integrative regulation is realized by means of concentration of similar axonal terminals in restricted cortical area and arrangement of "neuromediatory" pool.

[Audiogenic epilepsy: a morphofunctional analysis].

The rats of K-M line with high level of convulsive readiness to sound stimuli were tested. It was established that systemic application of epileptogenic stimulus evoked the decrease of level of convulsive readiness. The phenomena of habituation and normalization of animal behavior were revealed.

[The identification of synapses in the cerebral cortex].

The correlation between structure and function of synapses is discussed. Identification of 4 types of synapses has been made based on the authors' own evidence provided for the rat sensomotor cortex with the light and electron microscopy: 1--asymmetrical (excitatory, glutamate- or aspartatergic); 2--symmetrical (inhibitory, GABAergic); 3--symmetrical (disinhibitory, GABAergic); 4--symmetrical or asymmetrical (modulatory, monoaminergic). The ultrastructure of some synaptic categories may be equalized with their function.

[A morphofunctional analysis of the participation of the cerebral cortex in the habituation of Krushinskiĭ-Molodkina strain rats to an epileptogenic stimulus].

Systematic action of epileptogenic stimulus (sound) leads to gradual lowering of the level of convulsive readiness (LCR) in rats of KM (Krushinski'i-Molodkina) line to the formation of the habituation, to blocking of convulsive seizures. It is shown that at single action of sound, functional switching-off of the cerebral cortex causes LCR lowering but does not prevent the development of the epileptiform seizure. Alongside with it, in conditions of repeated sound action, functional decortication considerably retards LCR lowering.

[Structural bases of the plasticity of the nervous system].

The present state of morphological study of variability in the nervous elements under conditions of adaptive change under the influence of afferent effects, age changes during different periods of ontogenesis, under conditions of de- and regeneration of synapses have been considered. A question on correlation between structure and the function of synapses during the change has been analysed. The tasks of subsequent study of this problem have been outlined.

[Structural organization of preganglionic sympathetic neurons].

Distribution of marked preganglionic neurons over spinal nuclei and segments was studied in cats with the aid of microinjections of the horse-radish peroxidase into the cranial cervical ganglion. The major part of these neurons were revealed in the main part of the intermediolateral nucleus. A somewhat lesser number of the cells were found in the funicular part of the nucleus.

[Ultrastructure of the synapses of the initial axonal segment of the pyramidal neuron].

Ultrastructure of the proximal part of the axon in the neurons, identified according to a number of morphological signs as pyramidal, has been studied in the layer III of the cat cerebral hemisphere sensomotor cortex. In sections, tangential to the cortical surface, in the initial axonal segment, a submembranous osmophilic layer and fasciculi of microtubules are revealed. On the initial segment spines are found, they contain cysterns resembling by their structure the spine system of the dendritic spines.

[Enzymatic activity of the lymphocytes in gnotobionts in adenovirus infection].

The cytochemical activity of succinate dehydrogenases, alpha-glycerophosphate (mitochondrial and hyaloplasmic), lactate, glycose-6-phosphate, glutamate, beta-oxibutyrate, NADP-H2- and NAD-H2 diaphorases and acid phosphatase was studied in lymphocytes of gnotobiotic guinea-pigs infected with human adenovirus type 1. The analysis of transgression of distribution of the values in the experimental and control groups revealed a high informative diagnostic value of acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase of lymphocytes.