Afghan mental health and psychosocial well-being: thematic review of four decades of research and interventions.

Background: Four decades of war, political upheaval, economic deprivation and forced displacement have profoundly affected both in-country and refugee Afghan populations.

Aims: We reviewed literature on mental health and psychosocial well-being, to assess the current evidence and describe mental healthcare systems, including government programmes and community-based interventions.

Method: In 2022, we conducted a systematic search in Google Scholar, PTSDpubs, PubMed and PsycINFO, and a hand search of grey literature ( = 214 papers).

[The impact of BMI on the course of the acute SARS-COV-2 infection and the risks that emerge during the first year after the hospital discharge. Subanalysis evidence of the AKTIV and AKTIV 2 registries].

Background: There is enough evidence of the negative impact of excess weight on the formation and progression of res piratory pathology. Given the continuing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is relevant to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the clinical features of the novel coronavirus infection (NCI).

Aim: To study the effect of BMI on the course of the acute SARS-COV-2 infection and the post-covid period.

Surrogate "Level-Based" Lagrangian Relaxation for mixed-integer linear programming.

Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) plays an important role across a range of scientific disciplines and within areas of strategic importance to society. The MILP problems, however, suffer from combinatorial complexity. Because of integer decision variables, as the problem size increases, the number of possible solutions increases super-linearly thereby leading to a drastic increase in the computational effort.

[ACTIV SARS-CoV-2 registry (Analysis of Chronic Non-infectious Diseases Dynamics After COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients). Assessment of impact of combined original comorbid diseases in patients with COVID-19 on the prognosis].

Aim: Study the impact of various combinations of comorbid original diseases in patients infected with COVID-19 later on the disease progression and outcomes of the new coronavirus infection.

Materials And Methods: The ACTIV registry was created on the Eurasian Association of Therapists initiative. 5,808 patients have been included in the registry: men and women with COVID-19 treated at hospital or at home.

Analysis of influence of background therapy for comorbidities in the period before infection on the risk of the lethal COVID outcome. Data from the international ACTIV SARS-CoV-2 registry («Analysis of chronic non-infectious diseases dynamics after COVID-19 infection in adult patients SARS-CoV-2»).

Aim      To study the effect of regular drug therapy for cardiovascular and other diseases preceding the COVID-19 infection on severity and outcome of COVID-19 based on data of the ACTIVE (Analysis of dynamics of Comorbidities in paTIents who surVived SARS-CoV-2 infEction) registry.Material and methods  The ACTIVE registry was created at the initiative of the Eurasian Association of Therapists. The registry includes 5 808 male and female patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in a hospital or at home with a due protection of patients' privacy (data of nasal and throat smears; antibody titer; typical CT imaging features).

[Spectral and functional properties of ceruloplasmin under UV irradiation].

During oxydase reaction spectral characteristics of ceruloplasmin at absorption of copper ions and protein part of the molecule are shown to change. It has been ascertained, that when irradiating ceruloplasmin by UV-light the functioning of intramolecular electron transport chain is broken, the degree of positive cooperativity (a Hill's constant) on substrate decreases. It is supposed, that these changes are caused by disturbance of interdomain interactions in a protein molecule.

[The complicated intestinal amebiasis in emergency surgery].

18 patients with complicated forms of intestinal amebiasis were operated on acute appendicitis, liver abscess or total necrotic colitis. Appendectomy, abscess drainage and colon resection were performed respectively. There were no postoperative deaths.

[Thrombogenic properties of the inner vascular surface following laser exposure].

Laser angioplasty, using YAG-neodymium laser and a balloon catheter with monofiber quartz light guide (400 micron), introduced into its central canal, was performed in 8 dogs with thromboses of 11 femoral or carotid arteries. Average energy expenditure for recanalization was 26 +/- 4 J, with 4.9 +/- 0.

Value of electrocardiography and echocardiography for diagnosing ventricular enlargement in dilated cardiomyopathy.

A comparison is made of the informative value of ECG voltage criteria, echocardiographic signs (90 cases) and autopsy findings (38 cases) for diagnosing heart enlargement in dilated cardiomyopathy. Besides enlargement of both ventricles there can also occur predominant enlargement of the left or right ventricle. Echocardiographic signs of the ventricular dimensions correlate closely with the ventricular mass established by separate weighing at autopsy.

[Congestive cardiomyopathy (pathologo-anatomic study of the heart)].

A pathomorphologic study of 40 cases of congestive cardiomyopathy (CCMP) demonstrated that circulatory insufficiency was the cause of death in 70% of cases, while sudden death occurred in 25%. Morphometric investigation identified 3 CCMP patterns: cardiosclerosis-free and accompanied with small-focal (diffuse) and large-focal cardiosclerosis. The mean duration of the disease and the mean age at death were the smallest in the cardiosclerosis-free group where the dilatation of heart cavities was found to be the greatest.

[Electrocardiographic methods in the diagnosis of focal cicatricial lesions of the myocardium in dilated cardiomyopathy].

The authors compare the pathomorphological and electrocardiographic data in 38 cases of dilated cardiomyopathy. Autopsy revealed the signs of myocardial hypertrophy associated with dilatation, myocardial fibrosis of varying degree was found despite otherwise normal coronary arteries. Myocardial fibrosis influences the ECG changes, thus reducing the informative value of the method in the diagnosis of myocardial hypertrophy and often causes abnormalities of intraventricular conduction as well as focal-cicatricial myocardial lesions.

[Atherosclerotic stenosis of the coronary arteries and contraction lesions of the myocardium in sudden coronary death].

Hearts of 50 patients (males of 30 to 54 years) after sudden cardiac death (SCD) without myocardial infarction, acute or recorded in the past, were studied. Heart slides were stained with an iron hematoxylin; polarizing microscopy was also used. The surface of cardiomyocytes diffusely stained with an iron hematoxylin was determined in histological slides by means of a 100-points ocular mesh.

[Cardiogenic shock and sudden cardiac death].

The study of 148 cases of sudden cardiac death revealed in 25 (17%) of them morphological signs of cardiogenic shock characterized by severe microcirculatory disorders: uneven blood-filling of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed and increasing number of nonfunctioning capillaries in the myocardium and hypothalamus; signs of juxtamedullar shunting in the kidneys and the development of sludge phenomenon in different parts of their microcirculatory bed combined with high activity of renin in the plasma. The signs of cardiogenic shock in the group of observations of sudden cardiac death were noted predominantly in the presence of myocardial infarction, large foci of ischemia in the heart or multiple scattered foci of cardiomyocyte damage. Cardiogenic shock was found to occur in sharp reduction of the density of adrenergic nerve structures in the myocardium.

[Morphology of fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries].

Fibromuscular dysplasis of the renal arteries was revealed in 35 patients with renovascular hypertension. Histological examination revealed the following forms of this lesion: fibroplasia of the intima, hyperplasia and fibroplasia of the media, subadventitial fibrosis, as well as their combination. It was found that not only the main branch of the renal artery but also the small intrarenal branches are affected.

[Morphogenesis of fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries (an ultrastructural study)].

Ultrastructural examinations of 32 cases of various forms of fibrousmuscular dysplasia (FMD) of renal arteries showed the lesions at the subcellular level to be identical in all these forms and to differ only in their intensity and localization. As the disease progresses, smooth muscle cells (SMC) show signs of activation accompanied by an increased collagen synthesis. In this, the cells exhibit large multiblade nuclei, intensive proliferation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, hypertrophy of the Golgi complex.