Efficacy and safety of mirikizumab in patients with moderately-to-severely active Crohn's disease: a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, treat-through study.

Background: Mirikizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL-23p19, is effective in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mirikizumab in patients with moderately-to-severely active Crohn's disease.

Methods: VIVID-1 was a global phase 3, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, treat-through study.

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Prevention and Treatment.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy occurs in up to 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus and increases the risk of diabetic foot ulcers and infections. Consistent screening and clear communication are essential to decrease disparities in assessment of neuropathic symptoms and diagnosis. Physicians should address underlying risk factors such as poor glycemic control, vitamin B12 deficiency, elevated blood pressure, and obesity to reduce the likelihood of developing neuropathy.

Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death.

Ventricular tachyarrhythmias remain a major cause of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) that leads to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Primary prevention strategies to prevent SCD include promoting a healthy lifestyle, following United States Preventive Service Task Force recommendations related to cardiovascular disease, and controlling comorbid conditions. For a patient experiencing SCA, early cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation should be performed.

Glutamatergic pedunculopontine tegmental neurons control wakefulness and locomotion via distinct axonal projections.

Study Objectives: The pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT) nucleus is implicated in many brain functions, ranging from sleep/wake control and locomotion, to reward mechanisms and learning. The PPT contains cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons with extensive ascending and descending axonal projections. Glutamatergic PPT (PPTvGlut2) neurons are thought to promote wakefulness, but the mechanisms through which this occurs are unknown.

Renal functional, transcriptome, and methylome adaptations in pregnant Sprague Dawley and Brown Norway rats.

Pregnancy induces maternal renal adaptations that include increased glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow which can be compromised in obstetrical complications such as preeclampsia. Brown Norway (BN) rat pregnancies are characterized by placental insufficiency, maternal hypertension, and proteinuria. We hypothesized that BN pregnancies would show renal functional, anatomical, or molecular features of preeclampsia.

Neuroprotective role of nitric oxide inhalation and nitrite in a Neonatal Rat Model of Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury.

Background: There is evidence from various models of hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) that nitric oxide (NO) is protective. We hypothesized that either inhaled NO (iNO) or nitrite would alleviate brain injury in neonatal HII via modulation of mitochondrial function.

Methods: We tested the effects of iNO and nitrite on the Rice-Vannucci model of HII in 7-day-old rats.

Shigellosis Cases With Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: Population-Based Data From 6 US Jurisdictions, 2007 to 2016.

Background: Shigella species, which cause acute diarrheal disease, are transmitted via fecal-oral and sexual contact. To better understand the overlapping populations affected by Shigella infections and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States, we examined the occurrence of reported STIs within 24 months among shigellosis case-patients.

Methods: Culture-confirmed Shigella cases diagnosed from 2007 to 2016 among residents of 6 US jurisdictions were matched to reports of STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and all stages of syphilis) diagnosed 12 months before or after the shigellosis case.

Migraine history and response to lasmiditan across racial and ethnic groups.

Objective: The robust enrollment in SPARTAN and SAMURAI provided the opportunity to present post-hoc descriptive details on migraine disease characteristics and treatment outcomes after treatment with lasmiditan, a selective serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist, in racial and ethnic subgroups.

Methods: Descriptive data from racial (White [W]( = 3471) and Black or African American [AA]( = 792)) and ethnic (Hispanic or Latinx [HL]( = 775) and Non-Hispanic or Latinx [Non-HL]( = 3637)) populations are presented on pooled data from two double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized Phase 3 studies (SAMURAI [NCT02439320] and SPARTAN [NCT2605174]). Patients were treated with lasmiditan (50 (SPARTAN only), 100, or 200 mg) or placebo for a single migraine attack of moderate-to-severe intensity.

Feasibility and acceptability of a whole-school social-marketing intervention to prevent unintended teenage pregnancies and promote sexual health: evidence for progression from a pilot to a phase III randomised trial in English secondary schools.

Background: Reducing unintended teenage pregnancy and promoting adolescent sexual health remains a priority in England. Both whole-school and social-marketing interventions are promising approaches to addressing these aims. However, such interventions have not been rigorously trialled in the UK and it is unclear if they are appropriate for delivery in English secondary schools.

Thyroid and Parathyroid Conditions: Parathyroid Conditions.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) helps regulate calcium homeostasis in a complex relationship with the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, bone, and parathyroid glands. Abnormalities in PTH production can result in many conditions, including hypoparathyroidism, and primary, secondary, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Management of each abnormality centers on maintaining normal or near-normal serum calcium values to prevent complications.

Thyroid and Parathyroid Conditions: Thyroid Nodules, Cysts, and Malignancies.

Thyroid nodules are identified incidentally on imaging in most patients. Controversy exists on which patients warrant evaluation of an incidental thyroid nodule. If further assessment of a nodule detected on imaging or examination is pursued, thyroid ultrasonography with cervical lymph node survey and measurement of serum thyrotropin (TSH) may guide management decisions.

Thyroid and Parathyroid Conditions: Hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism is caused by deficient thyroid hormone production secondary to autoimmune disease or insufficient iodine consumption or as a complication of hyperthyroidism management. Signs and symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, constipation, and cold intolerance. The U.

Thyroid and Parathyroid Conditions: Hyperthyroidism.

Hyperthyroidism is an excess in thyroid hormone production caused by such conditions as Graves disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenoma. Overt hyperthyroidism is defined as a low or undetectable thyrotropin (TSH) level with elevated triiodothyronine (T) or thyroxine (T) values, whereas subclinical hyperthyroidism is defined as low or undetectable TSH with normal T and T levels. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include nervousness, heat intolerance, weight loss, and fatigue.

Safety findings from CENTURION, a phase 3 consistency study of lasmiditan for the acute treatment of migraine.

Background: Lasmiditan (LTN) is a selective 5-HT receptor agonist for the acute treatment of migraine in adults. We present detailed safety findings from the placebo-controlled, double-blind Phase 3 study, of LTN treatment across 4 attacks (CENTURION).

Methods: Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to LTN 200 mg (LTN200), LTN100, or a control group that received placebo for 3 attacks and LTN50 for either the 3rd or 4th attack (1:1).

Diabetes-Related Foot Infections: Diagnosis and Treatment.

Diabetes-related foot infections occur in approximately 40% of diabetes-related foot ulcers and cause significant morbidity. Clinicians should consider patient risk factors (e.g.

Pivotal Study of Leadless Tibial Nerve Stimulation with eCoin® for Urgency Urinary Incontinence: An Open-Label, Single Arm Trial.

Purpose: A novel leadless tibial nerve stimulator provides a primary battery-powered, coin-sized, minimally invasive option to deliver automatic low-duty cycle stimulation for overactive bladder syndrome therapy. A pivotal trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this investigational device, eCoin®, for treating refractory urgency urinary incontinence.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, single arm trial carried out at 15 U.

Lanabecestat: Neuroimaging results in early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Lanabecestat, a beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitor, was investigated as a potential Alzheimer's disease (AD)-modifying treatment. As previously reported, amyloid beta (Aβ) neuritic plaque burden reduction did not result in clinical benefit. Lanabecestat's effects on neuroimaging biomarkers and correlations between neuroimaging biomarkers and efficacy measures are reported.

Co-production of two whole-school sexual health interventions for English secondary schools: positive choices and project respect.

Background: Whole-school interventions represent promising approaches to promoting adolescent sexual health, but they have not been rigorously trialled in the UK and it is unclear if such interventions are feasible for delivery in English secondary schools. The importance of involving intended beneficiaries, implementers and other key stakeholders in the co-production of such complex interventions prior to costly implementation and evaluation studies is widely recognised. However, practical accounts of such processes remain scarce.

Randomized, controlled trial of lasmiditan over four migraine attacks: Findings from the CENTURION study.

Background: We present findings from the multicenter, double-blind Phase 3 study, CENTURION. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of and consistency of response to lasmiditan in the acute treatment of migraine across four attacks.

Methods: Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to one of three treatment groups - lasmiditan 200 mg; lasmiditan 100 mg; or a control group that received placebo for three attacks and lasmiditan 50 mg for either the third or fourth attack.

Refining your approach to hypothyroidism treatment.

Thyroid hormone supplementation can be complicated by a number of factors. These tips can help to ensure that you provide the best treatment possible.

Common Prescription Medications Used in Athletes.

Athletes of various skill levels commonly use many different types of medications, often at rates higher than the general population. Common medication classes used in athletes include analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen, inhalers for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, antihypertensives, antibiotics, and insulin. Prescribers must be aware of the unique considerations for each of these medications when using them in patients participating in physical activity.