Isoelectric Point of Metal Oxide Films Formed by Anodization.

The surface charge of metal oxides is an important property that significantly contributes to a wide range of phenomena, including adsorption, catalysis, and material science. The surface charge can be predicted by determining the isoelectric point (IEP) of a material and the pH of a solution. Although there have been several studies of the IEP of metal oxide (nano)particles, only a few have reported the IEP of metal oxide films.

How well do antimicrobial mouth rinses prevent dysbiosis in an in vitro periodontitis biofilm model?

Background: Periodontal diseases are associated with dysbiosis in the oral microbial communities. Managing oral biofilms is therefore key for preventing these diseases. Management protocols often include over-the-counter antimicrobial mouth rinses, which lack data on their effects on the oral microbiome's ecology, bacterial composition, metabolic activity, and dysbiosis resilience.

Oral Biofilm Composition, Dissemination to Keratinocytes, and Inflammatory Attenuation Depend on Probiotic and Synbiotic Strain Specificity.

Several inflammatory diseases are characterized by a disruption in the equilibrium between the host and its microbiome. Due to the increase in resistance, the use of antibiotics for the widespread, nonspecific killing of microorganisms is at risk. Pro-microbial approaches focused on stimulating or introducing beneficial species antagonistic toward pathobionts may be a viable alternative for restoring the host-microbiome equilibrium.

pH-Triggered Controlled Release of Chlorhexidine Using Chitosan-Coated Titanium Silica Composite for Dental Infection Prevention.

Peri-implantitis is a growing pathological concern for dental implants which aggravates the occurrence of revision surgeries. This increases the burden on both hospitals and the patients themselves. Research is now focused on the development of materials and accompanying implants designed to resist biofilm formation.

Powdered Cross-Linked Gelatin Methacryloyl as an Injectable Hydrogel for Adipose Tissue Engineering.

The tissue engineering field is currently advancing towards minimally invasive procedures to reconstruct soft tissue defects. In this regard, injectable hydrogels are viewed as excellent scaffold candidates to support and promote the growth of encapsulated cells. Cross-linked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) gels have received substantial attention due to their extracellular matrix-mimicking properties.

Electrolyzed Saline Targets Biofilm Periodontal Pathogens In Vitro.

Preventing the development and recurrence of periodontal diseases often includes antimicrobial mouthrinses to control the growth of the periodontal pathogens. Most antimicrobials are nonselective, targeting the symbiotic oral species as well as the dysbiosis-inducing ones. This affects the overall microbial composition and metabolic activity and consequently the host-microbe interactions, which can be detrimental (associated with inflammation) or beneficial (health-associated).

Effect of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through traditional or flowable resin-matrix composites for restorative dentistry.

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the light transmission through five different resin-matrix composites regarding the inorganic filler content.

Methods: Resin-matrix composite disc-shaped specimens were prepared on glass molds. Three traditional resin-matrix composites contained inorganic fillers at 74, 80, and 89 wt.

Oral Biofilm Cryotherapy as a Novel Ecological Modulation Approach.

Oral cryotherapy is used in dentistry as a safe, simple, and low-cost treatment for a variety of oral lesions. It is well known for its ability to aid in the healing process. However, its effect on oral biofilms is unknown.

Biomimetic Periodontal Ligament Transplantation Activated by Gold Nanoparticles Protects Alveolar Bone.

Stem cell therapy might be a promising method to stimulate alveolar bone regeneration, which is currently a major clinical challenge. However, its therapeutic features largely depend on pretreatment and transplantation preparation. Herein, a novel biomimetic periodontal ligament transplantation composed of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) pretreated with gold nanocomplexes (AuNCs) and embedded in a type-I collagen hydrogel scaffold is developed to protect alveolar bone from resorption.

Adaptive Maternal Effects Shape Offspring Phenotype and Survival in Natal Environments.

AbstractMaternal effects can give newborns a head start in life by adjusting natal phenotypes to natal environments, yet their strength and adaptiveness are often difficult to investigate in natural populations. Here, we studied anticipatory maternal effects and their adaptiveness in common lizards in a seminatural experimental system. Specifically, we investigated how maternal environments (i.

Anti-infective DNase I coatings on polydopamine functionalized titanium surfaces by alternating current electrophoretic deposition.

Implant-associated infections (IAIs) can cause serious problems due to the difficult-to-treat nature of the biofilms formed on the implant surface. In mature biofilms, the matrix, which consists of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and extracellular DNA (eDNA), forms a protective environment for the residing bacteria, shielding them from antibiotics and host defenses. Recently, the indirect prevention of biofilm growth through the degradation of eDNA using an enzyme, such as deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I, has gained attention and is regarded as a promising strategy in the battle against IAIs.

Mechanical properties and cellular content of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin membranes of patients on antithrombotic drugs.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the potential influence of antithrombotics on leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membranes.

Methods: Tensile tests and cell counts were performed with L-PRF membranes originating from patients on anticoagulants and antiplatelets versus patients not taking antithrombotics.

Results: For the tensile tests, 13 control patients, 12 on anticoagulants, and 10 on antiplatelets donated blood.

Hydrolytic Enzymes as Potentiators of Antimicrobials against an Inter-Kingdom Biofilm Model.

Biofilms are recalcitrant to antimicrobials, partly due to the barrier effect of their matrix. The use of hydrolytic enzymes capable to degrade matrix constituents has been proposed as an alternative strategy against biofilm-related infections. This study aimed to determine whether hydrolytic enzymes could potentiate the activity of antimicrobials against hard-to-treat interkingdom biofilms comprising two bacteria and one fungus.

3D-printed porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds for long bone repair in animal models: a systematic review.

Background: Titanium and its alloys have been widely employed for bone tissue repair and implant manufacturing. The rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has allowed fabrication of porous titanium scaffolds with controllable microstructures, which is considered to be an effective method for promoting rapid bone formation and decreasing bone absorption. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of 3D-printed porous Ti6Al4V (Ti64) scaffold for repairing long bone defects in animal models and to investigate the influential factors that might affect its osteogenic capacity.

How surface coatings on titanium implants affect keratinized tissue: A systematic review.

Apart from osseointegration, the stability and long-term survival of percutaneous titanium implants is also strongly dependent on a qualitative soft-tissue integration in the transcutaneous region. A firm connective tissue seal is needed to minimize soft-tissue dehiscence and epithelial downgrowth. It is well-known that the implant surface plays a key role in controlling the biological response of the surrounding keratinized tissue and several coating systems have been suggested to enhance the soft-tissue cell interactions.

Surface wear in a custom manufactured temporomandibular joint prosthesis.

The wear of a novel temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis was evaluated in an animal model. The prosthesis consisted of an additively manufactured titanium alloy (Ti Al V) mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa created through selective laser melting, with a machined vitamin E-enriched ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) surface attached to the fossa. Thirteen TMJ prosthesis were implanted in sheep, six of which had condylar heads coated with HadSat® diamond-like carbon (H-DLC).

Mechanical behavior of Ti6Al4V produced by laser powder bed fusion with engineered open porosity for dental applications.

Implant failure due to biofilm formation is a substantial problem in the field of dental prosthetics. A solution has been proposed in the form of implants with a built-in drug reservoir, but combining sufficient strength and longevity with controlled release capability has proven difficult. This work investigates the feasibility of using laser powder bed fusion to create Ti6Al4V structures with open pore channels while maintaining their mechanical stability.

Ultrafast laser selective phase removal for surface modification of nanocomposite materials.

Ultrafast laser processing of zirconia/alumina nanocomposite ceramics, the current gold standard material for ceramic bearing components in orthopedics, was investigated. Instead of considering the substrate as a homogeneous material, as commonly assumed in laser micromachining, the damage behavior of different phases around the laser ablation threshold upon ultrafast laser irradiation was investigated. Under appropriate experimental conditions, the zirconia phase was selectively ablated while the alumina phase remained intact.

polymicrobial inter-kingdom three-species biofilm model: influence of hyphae on biofilm formation and bacterial physiology.

Biofilms are an important medical burden, notably for patients with orthopaedic device-related infections. When polymicrobial, these infections are more lethal and recalcitrant. Inter-kingdom biofilm infections are poorly understood and challenging to treat.

An Improved 2-Aminoimidazole Based Anti-Biofilm Coating for Orthopedic Implants: Activity, Stability, and Biocompatibility.

Orthopedic device-related infections remain a serious challenge to treat. Central to these infections are bacterial biofilms that form on the orthopedic implant itself. These biofilms shield the bacteria from the host immune system and most common antibiotic drugs, which renders them essentially antibiotic-tolerant.