Irradiation as the primary management of stage I and II adenocarcinoma of the breast: analysis of the RTOG breast registry.

The radiation therapy oncology group, a 36-member national study group, has collected, by means of a registry, 234 patients treated with primary irradiation for UICC Stage I and II adenocarcinoma of the breast. Analysis of these patients has revealed a 5-year actuarial survival rate of 83% for Stage I and 68% for Stage II. The local-regional failure rate for all 234 patients was 8.

Schedule-controlled behavior in the morphine-dependent and post-dependent rat.

Chronic morphine treatment has been reported to induce long-lasting changes in the responses of animals to the subsequent administration of morphine or narcotic antagonists. However, there have been few systematic studies in which the effects of morphine or narcotic antagonists have been compared in the same group of animals before, during, and after chronic morphine administration. Rats were trained to press a lever on a variable interval (1 min) schedule of food presentation and dose-response curves were determined for morphine (0.

Tissue distribution and retention of 5-thio-D-glucose in animal tumor models.

5-Thio-D-glucose (5-TDG) has demonstrated potential as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells growing in monolayer culture and as multicell spheroids. We have studied the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled (35S or 3H) 5-TDG prior to utilizing this bioisotere of D-glucose for radiation sensitization studies in vivo. At all times after administration, 5-TDG achieved higher tissue levels of radioactivity in hamster pancreatic tumors of ductal and acinar cell origin than in the normal pancreas.

Inhibition of spontaneous AKR leukemia by multiple inoculations of Corynebacterium parvum.

In previous studies we have shown that AKR mice could be protected from spontaneous leukemia by specific immunotherapy in combination with splenectomy. In this experiment we investigated the effects of nonspecific immunotherapy with C. parvum in a similar regimen.

Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of S-35-labeled 5-thio-D-glucose in hamsters bearing pancreatic tumors.

5-thio-D-glucose (5-TDG) exerts profound effects on rapidly metabolizing tissues. We have used liquid scintillation counting to study the tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of S-35-labeled 5-TDG in hamster models of pancreatic tumors. In the normal hamster, initial uptake of S-35 activity into kidney, liver, and blood was high, but rapidly decreased with time.

Radiation-induced sarcomas of bone.

Historically, the literature reveals that the incidence of radiation induced bone sarcomas is very low. Details related to epidemiology cannot be identified, however, because of the difficulty of identifying precisely the patient population at risk for development of the radiation induced sarcoma. The change in character of practice in cancer management with ever increasing numbers of patients receiving both radiation therapy and chemotherapy should alert physicians to the potential for increased incidence of this rare and unusual tumor.

Selenium, vitamin E and the response to swimming stress in the rat.

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of exercise on rat glutathione peroxidase system enzymes and lipid peroxidation among animals supplemented and unsupplemented with selenium (Se) and vitamin E (E). Liver, muscle and blood were taken before, immediately after and 24 hours after exercising to exhaustion by swimming. No effect of exercise was found on muscle or liver enzymes, although exercise resulted in depressed glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities in erythrocytes immediately after exercise.

Intracavitary uses of colloids.

Pleural and peritoneal effusion secondary to primary malignancy is a significant problem in the management of the cancer patient. Respiratory embarrassment and discomfort associated with the formation and collection of fluid in the chest and abdomen are among the most distressing symptoms encountered as a result of malignant disease. The guidelines for treatment should be based on respiratory symptoms, and with the understanding that the procedure is palliative.

Whole abdominal irradiation for carcinoma of the ovary.

A selected group of 39 patients with ovarian carcinoma were treated by whole abdominal radiation therapy with a pelvic boost. No statement as to the efficacy of this treatment program can be made for patients with Stage I, II, and IV disease because of the small number of patients with those stages who were treated by this method. A surprising 30% 5-year survival was obtained, however, in patients with Stage III disease.

Gluconeogenesis in isolated chicken (Gallus domesticus) liver cells.

1. Gluconeogenesis was studied in isolated avian hepatocytes. The highest rate of glucose production obtained was from lactate, followed by dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde, and fructose.

The biologic basis for combined modality treatment of cancer.

Strategies related to cancer should be aimed at optimization of local and regional treatment. Delineation of subsets of patients with high risk for recurrence would have a significant impact, upon which such adjunctive systems of therapeutic management should be evaluated. In disseminated disease, or where the probability of dissemination is high, evaluation of any realistic potential combination of treatment for tumor control should be pursued.