Transition of Methotrexate Polyglutamate Drug Monitoring Assay from Venipuncture to Capillary Blood-Based Collection Method in Rheumatic Diseases.

Objective: Methotrexate (MTX) polyglutamate (MTXPG) levels from isolated red blood cells (RBCs) collected by venipuncture have clinical utility in guiding MTX dosing for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our objective was to transition this RBC-based therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) assay to dried capillary blood collected by fingerstick.

Methods: Patients with RA treated with MTX were enrolled.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and PrEP Prescribing Practices of Health Care Providers in Philadelphia, PA.

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective biomedical intervention that has the potential to dramatically decrease the incidence of HIV but remains an underutilized method of HIV prevention. The Philadelphia Department of Public Health administered an online survey to health care providers in the Philadelphia area with the aim of characterizing PrEP attitudes, knowledge, and prescribing practices. Online surveys were distributed to 1000 providers who were recruited through distribution lists of Philadelphia medical providers between September and December 2017.

Selecting physician well-being measures to assess health system performance and screen for distress: Conceptual and methodological considerations.

Following national calls to address burnout among U.S. physicians, healthcare systems across the nation are integrating measures of physician well-being into institutional assessments.

The moderating role of infidelity on the relation between oxytocin and conflict behaviors among substance misusing couples.

The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) may be beneficial to augmenting behavioral therapies for couples given its ability to alleviate stress reactivity and increase pro-social behavior. However, there is growing evidence demonstrating inconsistent effects of OT on social behavior. Infidelity may represent a relational vulnerability that modulates the OT response.

Implementing Data to Care-What Are the Costs for the Health Department?

Background: The Cooperative Re-Engagement Controlled Trial (CoRECT) is a randomized controlled trial that uses a combined health department-provider data to care (D2C) model to identify out-of-care HIV-infected persons. We present cost data for programmatic aspects of the trial during the start-up period (first 30 days of the study).

Methods: We used microcosting methods to estimate health department start-up costs.

Characterization of gene expression in the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis during the preovulatory surge in the turkey hen.

A preovulatory surge (PS) of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone triggers follicle ovulation, which is the first step of egg production and is orchestrated by the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In the HPG axis, hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin releasing hormone, and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone, control the production of follicle stimulating hormone and LH by the pituitary, which subsequently regulate ovarian production of estradiol and progesterone, respectively. The goal of this study was to characterize the HPG axis function of average egg producing hens by assessing plasma hormone profiles and hypothalamic, pituitary, and follicle gene expression outside and during the PS (n = 3 per group).

Prescription Drug Abuse Among Patients in Rural Dental Practices Reported by Members of the National Dental PBRN.

Purpose: This study compared rural to nonrural dentists with respect to opioid prescribing practices, perceptions about prescription drug abuse among patients, and training relevant to pain management and addictions.

Methods: A web-based, cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to practicing dentist members of the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN; N = 822) and linked with network enrollment questionnaire data regarding practitioner demographics and practice characteristics. Pain management prescribing practices and perceptions regarding relevance and scope of addiction and drug diversion among patients were assessed.

Oxytocin-Induced Changes in Intrinsic Network Connectivity in Cocaine Use Disorder: Modulation by Gender, Childhood Trauma, and Years of Use.

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a major public health concern with devastating social, economic, and mental health implications. A better understanding of the underlying neurobiology and phenotypic variations in individuals with CUD is necessary for the development of effective and targeted treatments. In this study, 39 women and 54 men with CUD completed a 6-min resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan after intranasal oxytocin (OXY) or placebo administration.

The Most Valuable Resource Is Time: Insights From a Novel National Program to Improve Retention of Physician-Scientists With Caregiving Responsibilities.

Purpose: To enhance understanding of challenges related to work-life integration in academic medicine and to inform the ongoing implementation of an existing program and the development of other interventions to promote success of physician-scientists.

Method: This study is part of a prospective analysis of the effects of the Fund to Retain Clinical Scientists (FRCS), a national program launched by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation at 10 U.S.

Dissemination and Effectiveness of the Peer Marketing and Messaging of a Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention: Protocol for a Hybrid Effectiveness Trial.

Background: Smoking continues to be the leading preventable cause of death. Digital Interventions for Smoking Cessation (DISCs) are health communication programs accessible via the internet and smartphones and allow for greater reach and effectiveness of tobacco cessation programs. DISCs have led to increased 6-month cessation rates while also reaching vulnerable populations.

Prevalence and correlates of carrying naloxone among a community-based sample of opioid-using people who inject drugs.

Background: Overdose prevention programs are effective at reducing opioid overdose deaths through training people who inject drugs (PWID) how to respond to witnessed overdoses and use naloxone. This report examines prevalence and correlates of carrying naloxone among a community-based sample of PWID.

Methods: Using respondent driven sampling, PWID (n = 571) in Philadelphia, PA were recruited for the 2015 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance project.

Decreasing HIV transmissions to African American women through interventions for men living with HIV post-incarceration: An agent-based modeling study.

Background: Incarceration and HIV disproportionately impact African American communities. The mass incarceration of African American men is hypothesized to increase HIV acquisition risk for African American women. Interventions optimizing HIV care engagement and minimizing sexual risk behaviors for men living with HIV post-incarceration may decrease HIV incidence.

Assessing the needs of front-line providers in addressing the opioid crisis in South Carolina.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) has been declared a national crisis, as prevalence of OUD has increased remarkably over the past decade (Jones, 2017). While Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) is the standard of care for OUDs, several key barriers to implementation have been noted throughout the clinical and research literature (DeFlavio et al., 2015).

Measuring the Impact of Burn Injury on the Parent-Reported Health Outcomes of Children 1 to 5 Years: A Conceptual Framework for Development of the Preschool Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation Profile CAT.

Due to the rapid developmental growth in preschool-aged children, more precise measurement of the effects of burns on child health outcomes is needed. Expanding upon the Shriners Hospitals for Children/American Burn Association Burn Outcome Questionnaire 0 to 5 (BOQ0-5), we developed a conceptual framework describing domains important in assessing recovery from burn injury among preschool-aged children (1-5 years). We developed a working conceptual framework based on the BOQ0-5, the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine's Model of Child Health, and the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth.

Addressing Health Challenges of Women Across the Life Course: Summary of the Women's Health 2018 Preconference Symposium.

Although the United States is often ahead in both research and health care fields, it lags behind peer countries in many population health indicators. To address these complex health problems that often reflect the intersection of many socioeconomic and health issues, it is essential that scientists work collaboratively across distinct disciplines. Women's health is but one area which can benefit from such an approach given the multifaceted and complex issues underlying the different aspects of women's health research.

The impact of centre of pressure error on predicted joint kinetics during cerebral palsy and typically developed gait: A clinical perspective.

Centre of Pressure (CoP) location error is common when using kinematic and kinetic data to predict intersegmental forces and net joint moments during gait. Changes in peak moments due to CoP error have been reported in the literature. However, debate exists as to what levels of error are acceptable.

Effect of Targeting Mean Arterial Pressure During Cardiopulmonary Bypass by Monitoring Cerebral Autoregulation on Postsurgical Delirium Among Older Patients: A Nested Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Delirium occurs in up to 52% of patients after cardiac surgery and may result from changes in cerebral perfusion. Using intraoperative cerebral autoregulation monitoring to individualize and optimize cerebral perfusion may be a useful strategy to reduce the incidence of delirium after cardiac surgery.

Objective: To determine whether targeting mean arterial pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using cerebral autoregulation monitoring reduces the incidence of delirium compared with usual care.

Impact of Oxytocin on the neural correlates of fearful face processing in PTSD related to childhood Trauma.

: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to exposure to abuse and neglect during childhood is associated with particularly severe and persistent deleterious outcomes. Amygdala hyperreactivity has been observed in childhood trauma survivors and implicated in symptoms of PTSD. : The neuropeptide oxytocin holds promise as a potential treatment for PTSD due to its ability to attenuate amygdala response to threat cues.

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Awareness Is Low Among Heterosexual People of Color Who Might Benefit From PrEP in Philadelphia.

Introduction: We assessed awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among HIV-negative Black and Latinx persons living in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Methods: Using chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, we analyzed data from the 2016 heterosexual cycle of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system to assess how sociodemographic factors, health care utilization, and risk behaviors affected PrEP awareness.

Results: Participants (n = 472) were predominately Black, non-Hispanic (88.

Comparison of Frequency- and Time-Domain Autoregulation and Vasoreactivity Indices in a Piglet Model of Hypoxia-Ischemia and Hypothermia.

Introduction: The optimal method to detect impairments in cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is unclear. Improving autoregulation monitoring methods would significantly advance neonatal neurocritical care.

Methods: We tested several mathematical algorithms from the frequency and time domains in a piglet model of HIE, hypothermia, and hypotension.