The use of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in plastic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, introduced in 1997, are evidence-based strategies designed to reduce postoperative stress and improve recovery through a multidisciplinary approach. This systematic review evaluated the use of ERAS in plastic surgery, focusing on opioid use, pain management, hospital stay, and patient outcomes.

Methods: A literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science was conducted up to May 9, 2024, identifying 239 studies on ERAS in plastic surgery.

Association of preoperative cerebral oxygenation with concurrent neurobehavioral scores in term neonates with congenital heart disease compared to healthy controls.

Objective: 1st: To determine the association of cerebral oxygenation (rcSO) and concurrent neurodevelopmental outcomes between neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) and healthy controls. 2nd: To examine the association of cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) with concurrent neurodevelopmental outcomes in the two groups. 3rd: To evaluate how type and severity of CHD influenced the associations in our primary and secondary objectives.

Blood Transfusion Practices in Intensive Care: A Prospective Observational Binational Study.

Importance: Blood transfusions are a common and potentially lifesaving intervention in ICU patients but are associated with harm and often transfused inconsistently with guidelines. However, it is not well known how ICU transfusion practice has recently changed and if there is variation in transfusion practice.

Objectives: To describe blood transfusion practices in ICU, the variation in practice across sites, and to compare transfusion practices against national guidelines and with prior published practice.

Examining the role of social determinants of health in maternal mental health screening and treatment engagement during the perinatal period.

Background: Maternal mental health conditions are associated with unmet Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) needs and can impede access to mental health and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, leading to poor maternal and newborn health outcomes. A text/phone-based maternal mental health screening and referral to treatment intervention, Listening to Women and Pregnant and Postpartum People (LTWP), has demonstrated improved rates of screening, screening positive for mental health concerns, referral to and attendance of mental health and SUD treatment compared to usual care (i.e.

People With HIV Are More Likely to Clear Hepatitis C: Role of Ryan White Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Background: HIV coinfection worsens health outcomes for persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; however, access to comprehensive Ryan White (RW) HIV care may improve the health of persons with HIV and HCV.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, we used surveillance data from Philadelphia's hepatitis and HIV registries for newly reported HCV infections from November 2015 to October 2021. We plotted Kaplan-Meier curves and performed Cox regressions on time to HCV clearance by HIV coinfection status, adjusting for demographic characteristics and HCV report year.

B-OK: a visual and tactile tool for improving HIV mental models in a United States urban center.

Lack of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and poor retention in care are significant barriers to ending HIV epidemics. Treatment adherence support effectiveness may be constrained by limited understanding of the benefits of ART. We evaluated a visual and tactile tool, the B-OK Bottles ("B-OK"), that incorporates human-centered design and behavioral economics principles and is designed to change and strengthen mental models about HIV.

A conceptual model for advanced/metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: a review of qualitative studies and results from patient interviews.

Background: Despite approvals of new first-line immunotherapies for advanced/metastatic gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction cancer (aGC/GEJC), patients' median survival is around 14 months and their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is affected by disease-related symptoms and treatment-related side effects. Using a targeted literature review (TLR) and patient interviews, this study identified disease- and treatment-related concepts that are important to patients with aGC/GEJC and their HRQoL.

Methods: A TLR was conducted to identify primary qualitative studies from 2018 to 2021 on patients' experiences with aGC/GEJC.

Sleep, Pain Catastrophizing, and Pain Intensity in Treatment Seeking Adults With Opioid Use Disorder.

Objectives: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a large, growing, and difficult-to-treat problem. It has been associated with poor sleep, which has a relationship of mutual exacerbation with pain. These interrelationships have prompted interest in how pain catastrophizing (pain-related distortions of cognition), interacts with pain and sleep quality and quantity in those with OUD.

Protein Alterations in Patients with Delirium after Cardiac Surgery: An Exploratory Case-Control Substudy of the VISION Cardiac Surgery Biobank.

Background: Delirium is an acute state of confusion associated with adverse postoperative outcomes. Delirium is diagnosed clinically using screening tools; most cases go undetected. Identifying a delirium biomarker would allow for accurate diagnosis, application of therapies, and insight into causal pathways.

Evaluation of the effect of rozanolixizumab on pregnancy outcomes and pre- and postnatal development in cynomolgus monkeys.

Rozanolixizumab, a humanised immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits binding of IgG to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), was evaluated in an embryo-foetal enhanced pre- and postnatal development (ePPND) study. Pregnant female cynomolgus monkeys (19 per group) received subcutaneous rozanolixizumab 50 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg or vehicle every 3 days from gestation day 20 until delivery. The proportion of pregnancy losses was 15.

Coordination between the eIF2 kinase GCN2 and p53 signaling supports purine metabolism and the progression of prostate cancer.

Cancers invoke various pathways to mitigate external and internal stresses to continue their growth and progression. We previously reported that the eIF2 kinase GCN2 and the integrated stress response are constitutively active in prostate cancer (PCa) and are required to maintain amino acid homeostasis needed to fuel tumor growth. However, although loss of GCN2 function reduces intracellular amino acid availability and PCa growth, there is no appreciable cell death.

Heart failure after left atrial appendage occlusion: Insights from the LAAOS III randomized trial.

Aims: The left atrial appendage (LAA) produces natriuretic peptides and its removal or occlusion might increase the risk of heart failure (HF). We aimed to investigate the incidence of HF after LAA occlusion or removal (LAAO) in the Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study (LAAOS III).

Methods And Results: Patients (n = 4811) with atrial fibrillation (AF) and a CHADS-VASc score ≥2, who were having cardiac surgery for another indication, were randomized to undergo surgical LAAO or not.

Acceptability, Feasibility, and Appropriateness of the B-OK Bottles as an Implementation Strategy for Treatment Adherence Support by Medical Case Managers.

Antiretroviral therapy treatment adherence support by medical case managers is an evidence-based practice, but effectiveness may be constrained by limited understanding of antiretroviral therapy's benefits among people with HIV. We used mixed methods to evaluate the pre-implementation context of the B-OK Bottles ("B-OK") - a visual aid designed to correct HIV mental models - as an implementation strategy for treatment adherence support by medical case managers in Philadelphia. We assessed outcomes of acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness among medical case managers and people with HIV.

Development and Content Validation of the Patient's Qualitative Assessment of Treatment - Real-World (PQAT-RW): An Instrument to Evaluate Benefits and Disadvantages of Treatments in Real-World Settings.

Purpose: Quantifying patient-perceived benefits and disadvantages of treatments in a real-world setting is increasingly important in healthcare decision-making. The Patient's Qualitative Assessment of Treatment (PQAT) assesses patient-perceived benefits and disadvantages of treatment, and associated trade-offs potentially influencing patients' willingness to continue treatment. It has then been modified to capture patients' perceived magnitude of benefits and disadvantages of treatment quantitatively, as well as qualitatively (PQATv2).

Peer Intervention to Link Overdose Survivors to Treatment (PILOT): Protocol for a Multisite, Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted Within the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network.

Background: The increase in opioid-related overdoses has caused a decrease in average life expectancy, highlighting the need for effective interventions to reduce overdose risk and prevent subsequent overdoses. Peer support specialists (PSSs) offer an appealing strategy to engage overdose survivors and reduce overdose risk, but randomized controlled trials are needed to formalize peer-led interventions and evaluate their effectiveness.

Objective: This National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network (CTN) study is a multisite, prospective, pilot randomized (1:1) controlled trial (CTN protocol 0107) that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an emergency department (ED)-initiated, peer-delivered intervention tailored for opioid overdose survivors (Peer Intervention to Link Overdose survivors to Treatment [PILOT]), compared with treatment as usual (TAU).

Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Addiction.

As a neurobiological process, addiction involves pathological patterns of engagement with substances and a range of behaviors with a chronic and relapsing course. Neuroimaging technologies assess brain activity, structure, physiology, and metabolism at scales ranging from neurotransmitter receptors to large-scale brain networks, providing unique windows into the core neural processes implicated in substance use disorders. Identified aberrations in the neural substrates of reward and salience processing, response inhibition, interoception, and executive functions with neuroimaging can inform the development of pharmacological, neuromodulatory, and psychotherapeutic interventions to modulate the disordered neurobiology.

Participation in physical activity by adolescents with physical disability: cross-sectional snapshot and future priorities ("Youth Experience Matters" protocol).

Young people with physical disability experience challenges to being physically active. To attain the health benefits of physical activity (PA) and sustain engagement, it is essential that participation is meaningful and enjoyable. This study aims to describe current participation in PA by adolescents with physical disability in Ireland, and to establish consensus on their priorities for enhancing physical activity participation.

Missed Opportunities for Preexposure Prophylaxis Initiation in Hospitalized Persons With Opioid Use Disorder and Infectious Diseases.

Hospitalizations are increasing among persons who use opioids, secondary to overdose and infections. Our study identified acute hospitalization as a reachable moment for engaging people who use drugs in increased screening and education about human immunodeficiency virus risk and prevention (preexposure prophylaxis).

Digital health interventions to support women with opioid use disorder: A scoping review.

Background: Digital health interventions have the potential to address barriers to care for women. To design effective digital health interventions that meet the needs of this population, a full assessment of the existing literature is required.

Methods: This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist.

Human papillomavirus vaccine beliefs and intentions Post-COVID-19 vaccine release among mothers in Alabama.

Purpose: The current study sought to determine if the release of COVID-19 vaccines influenced Alabama mothers' attitudes and behaviors regarding HPV vaccination of their adolescent children.

Methods: A social media survey was conducted August - September 2022 among mothers of adolescents ages 9-18, who self-identified as Alabama residents and their child(ren)'s primary medical decision maker. The survey assessed demographics, vaccine knowledge and opinions, vaccination history, influences on vaccination decisions, and how COVID-19 vaccine release affected vaccine opinions.

Identifying the top 10 priorities of adolescents with a physical disability regarding participation in physical activity: A Delphi study.

Aim: To establish consensus among adolescents with a physical disability regarding their priorities for enhancing participation in physical activity and help inform the design of future interventions for participation in physical activity.

Method: We conducted a national multi-round Delphi study involving adolescents with a physical disability aged 13 to 17 years. Round 1 of the initial survey consisted of open-ended questions.