Effect of a novel cannulation device for vascular access on AVF maturation in a goat carotid-jugular fistula model.

Objective: The Ark is a 3-D printed titanium device designed to be implanted around the draining vein of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) to facilitate vascular access. The purpose of this study was to assess AVF maturation after Ark implantation in a large animal model.

Methodology: End-to-side AVFs were created between the carotid artery and jugular vein in nine pygmy goats that included three control (AVF only) and six experimental (AVF and Ark device) animals.

Ruminant model for hemodialysis cannulation.

Background: Preventative strategies that minimize hemodialysis access complications remain limited.

Objective: This study aimed to address this gap by developing a Caprine cannulation model to investigate the impact of repeated cannulations on vascular access patency rates.

Research Design And Measures: In this pilot study, a meta-analysis was conducted using experimental control data from four trials to explore the impact of Caprine breed (independent variable) on the dependent variables that affect hemodialysis cannulation, including AVF growth, AVF depth, and flow rate.

Sedation with dexmedetomidine decreases skin perfusion in cats.

Objective: To evaluate skin perfusion in cats receiving dexmedetomidine compared to a placebo.

Animals: 9 healthy adult research cats.

Methods: A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study design was used.

Intranasal butorphanol and midazolam administered prior to intramuscular alfaxalone provides safe and effective sedation in Quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus).

Objective: To evaluate 2 doses of alfaxalone on cardiopulmonary parameters, temperature, sedation, endotracheal intubation, the incidence of muscle tremors, and radiographic positioning in Quaker parrots previously administered intranasal midazolam and butorphanol.

Animals: 10 healthy adult Quaker parrots (male = 5; female = 5).

Procedures: A randomized, masked, crossover study was conducted where birds received midazolam (2 mg/kg) and butorphanol (2 mg/kg) intranasally 15 minutes prior to a low- or high-dose of intramuscular alfaxalone: 2 mg/kg (LDA) or 5 mg/kg (HDA), respectively.

Gastrointestinal transit time is faster in Beagle dogs compared to cats.

Objective: To characterize gastrointestinal transit times (GITTs) and pH in dogs, and to compare to data recently described for cats.

Animals: 7 healthy, colony-housed Beagles.

Procedures: The GITTs and pH were measured using a continuous pH monitoring system.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam after intravenous administration to donkeys .

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam were studied in eight 1-to-3-year-old healthy gelded donkeys. Blood samples were obtained. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, sedation/excitement, ataxia, and response to tactile and auditory stimuli were recorded at baseline until 48 hours after intravenous (IV) midazolam (0.

The effect of a smoke-evacuation unit on ultrafine particle concentrations in the operating room during approach to the proximal tibia for tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy surgery in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a smoke-evacuation unit on reducing ultrafine particle concentration in the operating room (OR) during the approach to the proximal tibia for tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy (TPLO).

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Sample Population: Twenty-nine client-owned dogs undergoing unilateral TPLO at a single institution were assigned to either smoke-evacuator groups (SE; n = 15) or non-smoke-evacuator groups (NSE; n = 14).

Reference intervals for hematological and biochemical analytes in a single herd of clinically healthy gelding donkeys in Saint Kitts.

There is a large population of donkeys in Saint Kitts; however, hematological and biochemical reference intervals (RIs) are lacking. This study addressed this deficiency by following the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology RI guidelines. Sixty-six healthy, gelding standard donkeys with a median and interquartile range age of 5 years (3.

Evaluation of gastrointestinal transit times and pH in healthy cats using a continuous pH monitoring system.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize gastrointestinal (GI) transit times and pH in healthy cats.

Methods: GI transit times and pH were measured in six healthy, colony-housed, purpose-bred spayed female cats using a continuous, non-invasive pH monitoring system in a sequential order design. For the first period ('pre-feeding'), food was withheld for 20 h, followed by oral administration of a pH capsule.

The Effects of Prophylactic Dexmedetomidine Administration on General Anesthesia Recovery Quality in Healthy Dogs Anesthetized With Sevoflurane and a Fentanyl Constant Rate Infusion Undergoing Elective Orthopedic Procedures.

To determine the effects of a dexmedetomidine slow bolus, administered prior to extubation, on recovery from sevoflurane-anesthesia and a fentanyl continuous rate infusion (CRI) in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgical procedures. Sixty-two client-owned, healthy dogs weighing 27.4 ± 11 kg undergoing elective orthopedic procedures were premedicated with: 0.

The analgesic and sedative effects of GV20 pharmacopuncture with low-dose hydromorphone in healthy dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

This study evaluates the analgesic efficacy of low-dose hydromorphone administered pharmacopuncture at Governing Vessel 20 (GV20) for postoperative pain management following canine ovariohysterectomy. Fifty clinically healthy female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy were allocated to receive hydromorphone [0.1 mg/kg body weight (BW)] intramuscularly (IM, = 25) or hydromorphone (0.

The effects of xylazine or detomidine when used as a pre-anesthetic sedative on recovery quality and duration in horses undergoing elective equine castration.

The purpose of this prospective, blinded, randomized clinical trial was to compare the effects of low dose detomidine to xylazine on recovery quality and duration in a castration procedure. Horses were administered either detomidine [0.015 mg/kg body weight (BW)] or xylazine (1.

Analgesic effects of a retrobulbar block with 0.75% ropivacaine in dogs undergoing enucleation.

Objective: To assess the analgesic effects of a retrobulbar block with ropivacaine in dogs undergoing enucleation.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, masked placebo-controlled trial.

Animals: A total of 23 client-owned dogs.

The thermal antinociceptive effects of a high-concentration formulation of buprenorphine alone or followed by hydromorphone in conscious cats.

Objective: To evaluate the thermal antinociceptive effects of a high-concentration formulation of buprenorphine alone or followed by hydromorphone in conscious cats.

Study Design: Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study design.

Animals: A total of six purpose-bred, adult female ovariohysterectomized Domestic Short Hair cats.

Feline procedural sedation and analgesia: When, why and how.

Practical Relevance: Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) describes the process of depressing a patient's conscious state to perform unpleasant, minimally invasive procedures, and is part of the daily routine in feline medicine. Maintaining cardiopulmonary stability is critical while peforming PSA.

Clinical Challenges: Decision-making with respect to drug choice and dosage regimen, taking into consideration the cat's health status, behavior, any concomitant diseases and the need for analgesia, represents an everyday challenge in feline practice.

Clinical utility of a targeted smartphone application to aid veterinary students in calculating constant rate infusions and perioperative fluid drip rates.

Background: To compare the utility of a targeted smartphone application (TSPA) with a non-programmable calculator (NPC) when calculating fluid drip rates (FDR) and constant rate infusions (CRIs).

Methods: In a prospective randomised clinical study, 48 fourth-year veterinary students entered one of four parallel groups involving two mock scenarios: fentanyl calculation using an NPC followed by lidocaine calculation using a TSPA, fentanyl (TSPA) followed by lidocaine (NPC), lidocaine (NPC) followed by fentanyl (TSPA) or lidocaine (TSPA) followed by fentanyl (NPC). Students calculated volume of drug added to maintenance fluids and drops/second that correctly administered the drug dose and FDR.

The Effects of Content Delivery Methods on Ultrasound Knobology and Image Quality Recognition Training in First-Year Veterinary Students.

As new technologies are incorporated into the practice of veterinary medicine, it is imperative we utilize the most effective and impactful content delivery methods. Ultrasound technology has become more affordable and compact for veterinary hospitals, leading to easier incorporation into practice. This study compares three methods of delivering ultrasound knobology content to first-year veterinary students at Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences.

Evaluation of the bacterial ocular surface microbiome in clinically normal cats before and after treatment with topical erythromycin.

The ocular surface microbiome of veterinary species has not been thoroughly characterized using next generation sequencing. Furthermore, alterations in the feline ocular surface microbiome over time or following topical antibiotic treatment are unknown. Aims of this study were to further characterize the ocular surface microbiome of healthy cats and to identify whether there are microbial community changes over time and following topical antibiotic use.

Norwich terriers possess a greater vertebral heart scale than the canine reference value.

Previous studies have demonstrated evidence that normal reference ranges for radiographic vertebral heart scale values can vary among dog breeds. The purpose of this retrospective, observational study was to determine whether the normal vertebral heart scale values published by Buchanan and Bücheler for lateral radiographs are applicable to the Norwich terrier. Secondary objectives were to determine if clinical signs of respiratory disease, age, sex, weight, body condition score, recumbency, or thoracic depth-to-width ratio had any influence on vertebral heart scale measurements in this breed.

The antinociceptive effects of intravenous administration of three doses of butorphanol tartrate or naloxone hydrochloride following hydromorphone hydrochloride to healthy conscious cats.

Objective: To evaluate thermal antinociception from intravenous (IV) administration of hydromorphone alone or followed by butorphanol or naloxone in cats.

Study Design: Randomized, controlled, masked, crossover design.

Animals: A group of eight adult female cats.

Thermal antinociceptive, sedative and cardiovascular effects of Governing Vessel 1 dexmedetomidine pharmacopuncture in healthy cats.

Objective: To compare the antinociceptive, sedative and cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine pharmacopuncture at Governing Vessel 1 (GV 1) with dexmedetomidine intramuscular (IM) administration.

Study Design: Randomized, masked crossover design.

Animals: A group of eight healthy female cats.

The effects of aging on hydromorphone-induced thermal antinociception in healthy female cats.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aging on hydromorphone-induced thermal antinociception in cats.

Methods: In a prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled design, 10 healthy female cats received each of the following treatments intramuscularly: hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) and 0.

Perceptions and opinions of pet owners in the United Sates about surgery, pain management, and anesthesia in dogs and cats.

Objective: To evaluate pet owners' perceptions and understanding of surgical pain, perioperative pain management, and anesthesia.

Study Design: Prospective owner survey.

Sample Population: Eight veterinary hospitals each provided 200 surveys for distribution to pet owners.

An Update on Drugs Used for Lumbosacral Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia in Dogs.

This review aims to report an update on drugs administered into the epidural space for anesthesia and analgesia in dogs, describing their potential advantages and disadvantages in the clinical setting. Databases searched include Pubmed, Google scholar, and CAB abstracts. Benefits of administering local anesthetics, opioids, and alpha agonists into the epidural space include the use of lower doses of general anesthetics (anesthetic "sparing" effect), perioperative analgesia, and reduced side effects associated with systemic administration of drugs.