Publications by authors named "Bradley S. Lambert"
Article Synopsis
- The study examines how correcting limb alignment during total knee replacement impacts patient outcomes and knee motion.
- It analyzes 409 patients' preoperative and postoperative limb alignments using X-rays and measures recovery through patient surveys and knee range of motion across various postoperative periods.
- Results indicate that overcorrection in varus patients leads to poorer patient-reported scores and reduced knee motion, while valgus patients who remain misaligned also show decreased knee flexion.
Article Synopsis
- Decreased mechanical loading after orthopedic surgery can lead to muscle atrophy, prompting a review of the impact of oral protein supplementation on recovery outcomes.
- A systematic review of 14 studies, involving 611 patients, found that protein supplementation significantly reduced muscle atrophy and enhanced functional recovery across various surgeries, including ACL reconstruction and hip surgeries.
- The findings suggest protein supplementation is beneficial post-surgery, but further research is needed to understand long-term effects and develop targeted regimens for different patient populations.
Article Synopsis
- During the COVID-19 era, there has been a growing interest in same-day discharge (SDD) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA), but patients' views on SDD are not well documented.
- In a survey of 67 patients who experienced both overnight stays (ONS) and SDD, 63% preferred SDD due to greater comfort at home, while some felt better cared for during ONS.
- Overall, despite a slight difference in perceived safety, there were no significant variations in comfort levels, return to emergency care, or readmission rates between the two discharge methods.
Article Synopsis
- Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are now performed as outpatient procedures, leading to potential challenges in care and reimbursement.
- A study reviewed 2207 patients from 2015 to 2018, finding that TKA patients had higher rates of obesity and related health issues compared to THA patients, as well as shorter hospital stays.
- Despite more comorbidities, TKA patients were more likely to be discharged home after their procedures compared to THA patients, suggesting different recovery patterns that need further investigation.
Article Synopsis
- Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) offers better component positioning and reduces alignment outliers compared to manual TKA (mTKA), though overall alignment results are similar for both techniques.
- A study with 250 patients found no significant difference in achieving target alignment between rTKA and mTKA, but rTKA showed better outcomes for patients with preoperative valgus deformities.
- Additionally, patients undergoing rTKA reported higher physical scores at 3 and 6 months post-surgery, suggesting improved recovery outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate the use of a validated wearable device to track sleep patterns of patients before and after undergoing rotator cuff repair (RCR) or total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and compare these findings to patient-reported outcomes (PROs).
- Patients were monitored for sleep metrics from 34 days before surgery to 6 weeks after, with compliance dropping significantly in both RCR and TSA groups during the postoperative period.
- Results indicated that RCR patients experienced a notable decrease in deep sleep at various postoperative intervals, while TSA patients had decreased deep sleep early on but increased REM sleep in the following weeks.
Article Synopsis
- A study investigated using an intraosseous infusion of morphine and ketorolac for pain management in total knee arthroplasty.
- The research involved 24 patients and compared their pain levels and opioid use to a historical group receiving morphine only.
- Results showed that the multimodal infusion reduced pain and the need for additional opioids in the first four hours post-surgery, but no significant differences were observed after that period.
Article Synopsis
- Patient-reported vaccine reactivity (PRVR) significantly influences hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccinations.
- PRVR can be impacted by various factors that either can or cannot be changed, which affect a person's immune response.
- Gaining insight into these influences can help healthcare providers educate patients better and develop effective public health strategies to boost vaccination rates within communities.
Postabsorptive muscle protein synthesis is higher in outpatients as compared to inpatients.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
August 2023
Article Synopsis
- Several factors influence muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in the postabsorptive state, with inactivity like bedrest lowering MPS and activity like walking enhancing it.
- A study compared MPS rates between 152 outpatients and 350 inpatients, finding that outpatients had approximately 12% higher MPS levels.
- The findings suggest that an overnight hospital stay reduces physical activity, leading to a notable decrease in MPS, underscoring the importance of considering activity levels in MPS research.
Article Synopsis
- Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is gaining popularity, but the specific effects of different levels of limb occlusion on shoulder muscle activity are not fully understood.
- A study with 15 participants tested how varying occlusion levels (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% LOP) during low-intensity shoulder exercises affected muscle electrical activity, with findings suggesting that muscle engagement increased with occlusion but plateaued above 50%.
- Results indicated significant increases in muscle activity (EMGa) for rotator cuff exercises at higher occlusion percentages, with specific muscles like the anterior deltoid and trapezius showing heightened activity at lower occlusion levels (≥25% LOP) and diminishing
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how combining blood flow restriction (BFR) and low-load resistance exercise (LIX) can enhance shoulder muscle development and strength in collegiate baseball pitchers.
- The research involves 28 pitchers split into two groups: one using BFR during training and the other performing standard training without BFR.
- Results showed that the BFR group had significantly greater increases in shoulder muscle mass and strength compared to the non-BFR group after an 8-week training period.
Article Synopsis
- A study found that female professional ballet dancers have significantly lower pelvic bone mineral density (BMD) compared to both soccer players and the general female population.
- The analysis involved assessing BMD in specific pelvic regions (like the ischium and sacrum) and revealed that ballet dancers are at a higher risk for injuries due to their lower BMD and lean mass.
- The results suggest that targeted strength training and nutritional improvements could help prevent injuries in these dancers.
Article Synopsis
- Muscle atrophy is common after knee injuries and ACL reconstruction, and blood flow restriction therapy (BFR) might help reduce muscle loss and improve recovery.
- The study aimed to compare the effects of BFR combined with low-load exercises against standard rehabilitation on lower extremity lean mass, bone mass, and overall function in patients post-ACLR.
- Results showed that only the control group experienced significant decreases in lower extremity lean mass and bone mass at specific checkpoints, suggesting that BFR may be beneficial in preserving muscle and bone health during recovery.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to explore how factors like sex, body composition, and skeletal dimensions affect mobility assessments (Y-balance test and functional movement screen) in professional soccer players.
- During pre-season evaluations, 40 athletes (24 males and 16 females) were measured for body composition and mobility, revealing significant correlations between mobility scores and various anthropometric factors.
- Results indicated that females generally performed better on lower body mobility measures, highlighting the influence of physical characteristics on athletic performance.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the effectiveness of adding morphine to intraosseous (IO) antibiotic injections for pain relief in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients.
- Patients receiving morphine reported significantly lower pain scores and reduced opioid use during the first two weeks post-surgery compared to those who only received antibiotics.
- Overall, combining IO morphine with antibiotics proved to be a safe and effective method for improving pain management after TKA.
Article Synopsis
- This study examines surgical treatment options for chronic hip abductor tears that haven't responded to nonoperative methods, comparing tenodesis and bone trough techniques based on tear types.
- The research involved 45 hips from 44 patients, focusing on pre- and postoperative evaluations, revealing significant improvements in pain, gait, and muscle strength for both tear types, with Type I repairs showing better outcomes.
- MRI results indicated that while the majority of Type I tears healed post-surgery, healing rates for Type II tears were lower, suggesting that imaging may not accurately reflect repair success for over a year following surgery.
Article Synopsis
- Lower limb bone stress injuries (BSI) are common among collegiate distance runners, with this study focusing on comparing bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and anthropometric measurements between injured runners and noninjured runners.
- The study involved 79 distance runners who underwent DXA scans to assess their bone health, and their medical records were reviewed for BSI occurrences three months later.
- Results showed that injured runners had significantly lower total and regional BMD, and differences in body composition and body measurements, indicating potential risk factors for BSI among collegiate track and field athletes.
Blood Flow Restriction Enhances Rehabilitation and Return to Sport: The Paradox of Proximal Performance.
Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil
January 2022
Article Synopsis
- Blood flow restriction (BFR) is gaining popularity in rehabilitation due to its benefits like increased strength, size, neuromuscular control, reduced pain, and improved bone density.
- Current research suggests that these benefits extend beyond just the area where pressure is applied, making it appealing for patients with pain or after surgery.
- There's a need for more studies on BFR to explore its applications in sports performance and recovery, highlighting its potential for a diverse range of patient populations.
Article Synopsis
- Pneumatic tourniquets are commonly used in orthopedic surgeries, but can cause complications related to pressure and duration of use.
- A study involving 44 patients compared the effects of limb occlusion pressure (LOP) versus standard tourniquet pressure (STP) on post-operative pain and opioid usage.
- Results showed that LOP significantly decreased pain at the tourniquet site and reduced pain medication use in the first week after surgery.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to investigate the relationship between pitch volume and injury rates in high school-aged female softball pitchers.
- Researchers found that pitchers who reported pain or injury had significantly higher weekly and yearly pitch counts compared to those without pain, particularly in the shoulder and back regions.
- The study utilized surveys and statistical tests to analyze the pitching history and pain reports of 28 participants, revealing a potential link between increased pitching volume and injury prevalence.
Article Synopsis
- Fatigue significantly impacted muscle performance in individuals recovering from ACL reconstruction, with the operatively treated limb showing greater declines in function compared to the non-operative limb.
- In a study of participants six months post-surgery, tests were conducted in both fatigued and non-fatigued states, revealing that the ACLR limb performed worse across various hop tests, especially when fatigued.
- The findings highlight the need to consider the effects of fatigue when evaluating readiness to return to sport following ACL rehabilitation.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluated the impact of using 40 grams versus 80 grams of cement in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to assess cost-effectiveness and radiographic outcomes.
- There was no significant difference in the quality of the cement mantle between the two groups, although a slight increase in deficiency was noted in the 40-gram group for one specific zone.
- The use of 40 grams of cement resulted in estimated annual cost savings of over $33 million in the U.S. healthcare system.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to create a predictive equation for strength in seven common resistance training exercises using various demographic and body measurements.
- A total of 147 healthy adults participated, with assessments conducted on their body composition and maximal strength in exercises like Leg Press and Chest Press.
- Multiple linear regression analysis revealed several significant predictors of maximal strength, including height, weight, BMI, and regional lean mass, with models using regional data showing the highest accuracy.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the impact of limb alignment correction during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with different types of knee malalignment (valgus vs. varus).
- Results indicate that patients with varus malalignment had higher preoperative BMD in both the distal femur and proximal tibia compared to valgus patients, who showed significant BMD improvements six months post-surgery.
- The findings suggest that addressing valgus malalignment during TKA could play a critical role in promoting positive bone remodeling.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores the effectiveness of eccentric exercises in shoulder rehabilitation and the limited research on their impact on muscle recruitment.
- The main aim was to analyze the EMG activity of specific shoulder muscles during various eccentric exercises, while also investigating how different forearm positions could influence this activity.
- Results showed significant variations in muscle activation levels among different forearm positions during specific eccentric exercises, highlighting the importance of forearm positioning in rehabilitation practices.