Improving meaningful activity and meaningful engagement for residents in long-term care settings.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, restrictions were placed on social contacts and group activities in long-term care settings. Evidence has suggested that social isolation can lead to the onset of health issues including depression and cognitive decline in older people. This article details a quality improvement project undertaken by the managers of nine long-term care settings in Northern Ireland that aimed to enhance meaningful activity and meaningful engagement for residents following the easing of COVID-19 restrictions.

2024 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces.

This is the eighth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recent published resuscitation evidence reviewed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations.

Blood pressure and hypertension in older adults with a history of regular cannabis use: findings from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background: Observational evidence investigating associations between cannabis use and blood pressure and hypertension is inconsistent.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 3,255 participants at Exam 6 (2016-2018) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were analyzed, including self-reported cannabis smoking patterns, standardized measures of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP; BP collectively), and hypertension. ANCOVA and multivariable relative risk regression models were used to calculate adjusted means for BP and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for prevalent hypertension.

Mechanistic Interrogation of Photochemical Nickel-Catalyzed Tetrahydrofuran Arylation Leveraging Enantioinduction Data.

This manuscript details the development of an asymmetric variant for the Ni-photoredox α-arylation of tetrahydrofuran (THF), which was originally reported in a racemic fashion by Doyle and Molander. Leveraging the enantioselectivity data that we obtained, a complex mechanistic scenario different from those originally proposed is uncovered. Specifically, an unexpected dependence of the product enantiomeric ratio was observed on both the halide identity (aryl chloride vs bromide substrates) and the Ni source.

University Biology Classrooms as Spaces for Anti-racist Work: Instructor Motivations for Incorporating Race, Racism, and Racial Equity Content.

Science is often portrayed as a meritocratic endeavor, but university biology programs exhibit high rates of student attrition, particularly among students of Color, despite similar interest and aptitude for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) as White students. Culturally relevant pedagogy is associated with student persistence in STEM. One way to practice culturally relevant pedagogy in biology courses is to engage students in discussions of race, racism, or racial equity.

Defining myocardial fiber bundle architecture in atrial digital twins.

A key component in developing atrial digital twins (ADT) - virtual representations of patients' atria - is the accurate prescription of myocardial fibers which are essential for the tissue characterization. Due to the difficulty of reconstructing atrial fibers from medical imaging, a widely used strategy for fiber generation in ADT relies on mathematical models. Existing methodologies utilze semi-automatic approaches, are tailored to specific morphologies, and lack rigorous validation against imaging fiber data.

APC mutations dysregulate alternative polyadenylation in cancer.

Background: Alternative polyadenylation (APA) affects most human genes and is recurrently dysregulated in all studied cancers. However, the mechanistic origins of this dysregulation are incompletely understood.

Results: We describe an unbiased analysis of molecular regulators of poly(A) site selection across The Cancer Genome Atlas and identify that colorectal adenocarcinoma is an outlier relative to all other cancer subtypes.

Changes in Digestive Health, Satiety and Overall Well-Being after 14 Days of a Multi-Functional GI Primer Supplement.

A recent review proposed a role for multi-functional food or supplement products in priming the gut to support both digestive and systemic health. Accordingly, we designed and eva-luated the effect of a multi-functional gastrointestinal (GI) primer supplement on participant-reported measures for digestive health, quality-of-life (e.g.

Simple dynamical model that leads to sputter cone formation.

We introduce a model for sputter cone formation that includes only the angular dependence of the sputter yield and a fourth-order smoothing effect like surface diffusion. In one dimension, a sputter cone is a particular kind of shock wave that is known as an undercompressive shock. Simulations of our model show that a wide variety of initial conditions lead to the formation of sputter cones and that the opening angle of the cones does not depend on the detailed form of the initial condition.

Optimizing the Distribution of Ablation Lesions to Prevent Postablation Atrial Tachycardia: A Personalized Digital-Twin Study.

Background: Although targeting atrial fibrillation (AF) drivers and substrates has been used as an effective adjunctive ablation strategy for patients with persistent AF (PsAF), it can result in iatrogenic scar-related atrial tachycardia (iAT) requiring additional ablation. Personalized atrial digital twins (DTs) have been used preprocedurally to devise ablation targeting that eliminate the fibrotic substrate arrhythmogenic propensity and could potentially be used to predict and prevent postablation iAT.

Objectives: In this study, the authors sought to explore possible alternative configurations of ablation lesions that could prevent iAT occurrence with the use of biatrial DTs of prospectively enrolled PsAF patients.

Christianson syndrome across the lifespan: genetic mutations and longitudinal study in children, adolescents, and adults.

Objectives: Mutations in the X-linked endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger 6 (NHE6) cause Christianson syndrome (CS). Here, in the largest study to date, we examine genetic diversity and clinical progression in CS into adulthood.

Method: Data were collected as part of the International Christianson Syndrome and () Gene Network Study.

Key Components of Qigong for People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Survey of Clinicians, Researchers, and Instructors.

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that Qigong (QG), a mind-body therapy, may help address symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the heterogeneity of QG content and delivery may affect its feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy.

Objective: To survey researchers, clinicians, and QG instructors with experience working with people with MS to identify key components of MS-specific QG guidelines and protocols.

Methods: We conducted an online survey to identify QG forms and movements considered helpful for MS, reasons for selection, characteristics of effective learning environments, and recommended dosage and frequency of practice.

Assessing the arrhythmogenic propensity of fibrotic substrate using digital twins to inform a mechanisms-based atrial fibrillation ablation strategy.

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common heart rhythm disorder, may cause stroke and heart failure. For patients with persistent AF with fibrosis proliferation, the standard AF treatment-pulmonary vein isolation-has poor outcomes, necessitating redo procedures, owing to insufficient understanding of what constitutes good targets in fibrotic substrates. Here we present a prospective clinical and personalized digital twin study that characterizes the arrhythmogenic properties of persistent AF substrates and uncovers locations possessing rotor-attracting capabilities.

An autoregulatory poison exon in Smndc1 is conserved across kingdoms and influences organism growth.

Many of the most highly conserved elements in the human genome are "poison exons," alternatively spliced exons that contain premature termination codons and permit post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA abundance through induction of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Poison exons are widely assumed to be highly conserved due to their presumed importance for organismal fitness, but this functional importance has never been tested in the context of a whole organism. Here, we report that a poison exon in Smndc1 is conserved across mammals and plants and plays a molecular autoregulatory function in both kingdoms.

Real-world impact of adding a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist compared with basal insulin on metabolic targets in adults living with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease already treated with a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor: The Impact GLP-1 CKD study.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of adding a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) with adding basal insulin among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) already treated with a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and not reaching their glycaemic control targets.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Canadian LMC Diabetes Registry was conducted. Adults who initiated a GLP-1 RA were matched 1:1 to adults who initiated basal insulin in a T2D and CKD population.

RBM10 loss induces aberrant splicing of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix mRNAs and promotes metastatic fitness.

RBM10 modulates transcriptome-wide cassette exon splicing. Loss-of-function mutations are enriched in thyroid cancers with distant metastases. Analysis of transcriptomes and genes mis-spliced by RBM10 loss showed pro-migratory and RHO/RAC signaling signatures.

Free energy calculations for membrane morphological transformations and insights to physical biology and oncology.

In this chapter, we aim to bridge basic molecular and cellular principles surrounding membrane curvature generation with rewiring of cellular signals in cancer through multiscale models. We describe a general framework that integrates signaling with other cellular functions like trafficking, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, and motility. The guiding question in our approach is: how does a physical change in cell membrane configuration caused by external stimuli (including those by the extracellular microenvironment) alter trafficking, signaling and subsequent cell fate? We answer this question by constructing a modeling framework based on stochastic spatial continuum models of cell membrane deformations.

Learning manufacturing computer vision systems using tiny YOLOv4.

Implementing and deploying advanced technologies are principal in improving manufacturing processes, signifying a transformative stride in the industrial sector. Computer vision plays a crucial innovation role during this technological advancement, demonstrating broad applicability and profound impact across various industrial operations. This pivotal technology is not merely an additive enhancement but a revolutionary approach that redefines quality control, automation, and operational efficiency parameters in manufacturing landscapes.

Asymmetric crowders and membrane morphology at the nexus of intracellular trafficking and oncology.

A definitive understanding of the interplay between protein binding/migration and membrane curvature evolution is emerging but needs further study. The mechanisms defining such phenomena are critical to intracellular transport and trafficking of proteins. Among trafficking modalities, exosomes have drawn attention in cancer research as these nano-sized naturally occurring vehicles are implicated in intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment, suppressing anti-tumor immunity and preparing the metastatic niche for progression.

RNF212B E3 ligase is essential for crossover designation and maturation during male and female meiosis in the mouse.

Meiosis, a reductional cell division, relies on precise initiation, maturation, and resolution of crossovers (COs) during prophase I to ensure the accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I. This process is regulated by the interplay of RING-E3 ligases such as RNF212 and HEI10 in mammals. In this study, we functionally characterized a recently identified RING-E3 ligase, RNF212B.

Mis-splicing of Mitotic Regulators Sensitizes SF3B1-Mutated Human HSCs to CHK1 Inhibition.

Splicing factor SF3B1 mutations are frequent somatic lesions in myeloid neoplasms that transform hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by inducing mis-splicing of target genes. However, the molecular and functional consequences of SF3B1 mutations in human HSCs and progenitors (HSPCs) remain unclear. Here, we identify the mis-splicing program in human HSPCs as a targetable vulnerability by precise gene editing of SF3B1 K700E mutations in primary CD34+ cells.