Mental fatigue influence on effort-related cardiovascular response: extension across the regulatory (inhibitory)/non-regulatory performance dimension.

Participants first performed a scanning task that was weak (fatigue low) or strong (fatigue high) in self-regulatory (inhibitory) demand. They then were presented a cognitive challenge that had a strong regulatory component (the Stroop color-word conflict task) or a weak regulatory component (single-digit mental multiplication) with instructions that they would avoid noise if they attained a moderate performance standard. Analysis of cardiovascular data collected during the two work periods revealed fatigue main effects for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure.

Preparation of pyrrolidine-based PDE4 inhibitors via enantioselective conjugate addition of alpha-substituted malonates to aromatic nitroalkenes.

[reaction: see text] The enantioselective conjugate addition of alpha-substituted malonates to aromatic nitroalkenes generates a stereocenter at the carbon bearing the aromatic group and an adjacent prochiral center from the alpha-substituted malonate. Nitro reduction followed by diastereoselective cyclization provides pyrrolidinones with two contiguous stereocenters, one of which is quaternary. This sequence was used for the preparation of the PDE4 inhibitor IC86518.